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Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging threats in public health; thus, there is a growing demand for methods and technologies that enable rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The conventional methods and technologies addressing AMR diagnostics and AST employed in...

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Autores principales: Kaprou, Georgia D., Bergšpica, Ieva, Alexa, Elena A., Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino, Prieto, Miguel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7924329/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672677
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020209
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author Kaprou, Georgia D.
Bergšpica, Ieva
Alexa, Elena A.
Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino
Prieto, Miguel
author_facet Kaprou, Georgia D.
Bergšpica, Ieva
Alexa, Elena A.
Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino
Prieto, Miguel
author_sort Kaprou, Georgia D.
collection PubMed
description Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging threats in public health; thus, there is a growing demand for methods and technologies that enable rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The conventional methods and technologies addressing AMR diagnostics and AST employed in clinical microbiology are tedious, with high turnaround times (TAT), and are usually expensive. As a result, empirical antimicrobial therapies are prescribed leading to AMR spread, which in turn causes higher mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. This review describes the developments in current cutting-edge methods and technologies, organized by key enabling research domains, towards fighting the looming AMR menace by employing recent advances in AMR diagnostic tools. First, we summarize the conventional methods addressing AMR detection, surveillance, and AST. Thereafter, we examine more recent non-conventional methods and the advancements in each field, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and microfluidics technology. Following, we provide examples of commercially available diagnostic platforms for AST. Finally, perspectives on the implementation of emerging concepts towards developing paradigm-changing technologies and methodologies for AMR diagnostics are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-79243292021-03-03 Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics Kaprou, Georgia D. Bergšpica, Ieva Alexa, Elena A. Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino Prieto, Miguel Antibiotics (Basel) Review Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging threats in public health; thus, there is a growing demand for methods and technologies that enable rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The conventional methods and technologies addressing AMR diagnostics and AST employed in clinical microbiology are tedious, with high turnaround times (TAT), and are usually expensive. As a result, empirical antimicrobial therapies are prescribed leading to AMR spread, which in turn causes higher mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. This review describes the developments in current cutting-edge methods and technologies, organized by key enabling research domains, towards fighting the looming AMR menace by employing recent advances in AMR diagnostic tools. First, we summarize the conventional methods addressing AMR detection, surveillance, and AST. Thereafter, we examine more recent non-conventional methods and the advancements in each field, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and microfluidics technology. Following, we provide examples of commercially available diagnostic platforms for AST. Finally, perspectives on the implementation of emerging concepts towards developing paradigm-changing technologies and methodologies for AMR diagnostics are discussed. MDPI 2021-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7924329/ /pubmed/33672677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020209 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kaprou, Georgia D.
Bergšpica, Ieva
Alexa, Elena A.
Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino
Prieto, Miguel
Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics
title Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics
title_full Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics
title_fullStr Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics
title_short Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics
title_sort rapid methods for antimicrobial resistance diagnostics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7924329/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672677
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020209
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