Cargando…

A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization

This work applies a multi-scale approach to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. Such microencapsulation is used to produce fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. In this study, variations at three different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) of product design (i.e., produc...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ricardo, Fabián, Pradilla, Diego, Luiz, Ricardo, Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671501
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040644
_version_ 1783659476317896704
author Ricardo, Fabián
Pradilla, Diego
Luiz, Ricardo
Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto
author_facet Ricardo, Fabián
Pradilla, Diego
Luiz, Ricardo
Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto
author_sort Ricardo, Fabián
collection PubMed
description This work applies a multi-scale approach to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. Such microencapsulation is used to produce fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. In this study, variations at three different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) of product design (i.e., product variables, process variables and properties) are considered simultaneously. We quantify the effect of the formulation, composition and pH change on the microcapsules’ properties. Additionally, the method of measuring the strength of the microcapsules by crushing a sample of microcapsules’ suspension was tested. Results show that the xylene release rate in the microcapsules decreases when the amine functionality is greater due to a stronger crosslinking. Such degree of crosslinking increases the compression force over the microcapsules and improves their appearance. When high levels of amine concentration are used, the initial pH values in the reaction are also high which leads to agglomeration. This study provides a possible explanation to the aggregation based on the kinetic and thermodynamic controls in reactions and shows that the pH measurements account for the polyurea reaction and carbamate formation, which is a reason why this is not a suitable method to study kinetics of polymerization. Finally, the method used to measure the compressive strength of the microcapsules detected differences in formulations and composition with low sensibility.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7926481
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79264812021-03-04 A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization Ricardo, Fabián Pradilla, Diego Luiz, Ricardo Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto Polymers (Basel) Article This work applies a multi-scale approach to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. Such microencapsulation is used to produce fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. In this study, variations at three different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) of product design (i.e., product variables, process variables and properties) are considered simultaneously. We quantify the effect of the formulation, composition and pH change on the microcapsules’ properties. Additionally, the method of measuring the strength of the microcapsules by crushing a sample of microcapsules’ suspension was tested. Results show that the xylene release rate in the microcapsules decreases when the amine functionality is greater due to a stronger crosslinking. Such degree of crosslinking increases the compression force over the microcapsules and improves their appearance. When high levels of amine concentration are used, the initial pH values in the reaction are also high which leads to agglomeration. This study provides a possible explanation to the aggregation based on the kinetic and thermodynamic controls in reactions and shows that the pH measurements account for the polyurea reaction and carbamate formation, which is a reason why this is not a suitable method to study kinetics of polymerization. Finally, the method used to measure the compressive strength of the microcapsules detected differences in formulations and composition with low sensibility. MDPI 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7926481/ /pubmed/33671501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040644 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ricardo, Fabián
Pradilla, Diego
Luiz, Ricardo
Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto
A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
title A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
title_full A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
title_fullStr A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
title_full_unstemmed A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
title_short A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
title_sort multi-scale approach to microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671501
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040644
work_keys_str_mv AT ricardofabian amultiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT pradilladiego amultiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT luizricardo amultiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT alvarezsolanooscaralberto amultiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT ricardofabian multiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT pradilladiego multiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT luizricardo multiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization
AT alvarezsolanooscaralberto multiscaleapproachtomicroencapsulationbyinterfacialpolymerization