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A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization
This work applies a multi-scale approach to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. Such microencapsulation is used to produce fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. In this study, variations at three different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) of product design (i.e., produc...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040644 |
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author | Ricardo, Fabián Pradilla, Diego Luiz, Ricardo Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto |
author_facet | Ricardo, Fabián Pradilla, Diego Luiz, Ricardo Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto |
author_sort | Ricardo, Fabián |
collection | PubMed |
description | This work applies a multi-scale approach to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. Such microencapsulation is used to produce fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. In this study, variations at three different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) of product design (i.e., product variables, process variables and properties) are considered simultaneously. We quantify the effect of the formulation, composition and pH change on the microcapsules’ properties. Additionally, the method of measuring the strength of the microcapsules by crushing a sample of microcapsules’ suspension was tested. Results show that the xylene release rate in the microcapsules decreases when the amine functionality is greater due to a stronger crosslinking. Such degree of crosslinking increases the compression force over the microcapsules and improves their appearance. When high levels of amine concentration are used, the initial pH values in the reaction are also high which leads to agglomeration. This study provides a possible explanation to the aggregation based on the kinetic and thermodynamic controls in reactions and shows that the pH measurements account for the polyurea reaction and carbamate formation, which is a reason why this is not a suitable method to study kinetics of polymerization. Finally, the method used to measure the compressive strength of the microcapsules detected differences in formulations and composition with low sensibility. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7926481 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79264812021-03-04 A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization Ricardo, Fabián Pradilla, Diego Luiz, Ricardo Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto Polymers (Basel) Article This work applies a multi-scale approach to the microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. Such microencapsulation is used to produce fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. In this study, variations at three different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) of product design (i.e., product variables, process variables and properties) are considered simultaneously. We quantify the effect of the formulation, composition and pH change on the microcapsules’ properties. Additionally, the method of measuring the strength of the microcapsules by crushing a sample of microcapsules’ suspension was tested. Results show that the xylene release rate in the microcapsules decreases when the amine functionality is greater due to a stronger crosslinking. Such degree of crosslinking increases the compression force over the microcapsules and improves their appearance. When high levels of amine concentration are used, the initial pH values in the reaction are also high which leads to agglomeration. This study provides a possible explanation to the aggregation based on the kinetic and thermodynamic controls in reactions and shows that the pH measurements account for the polyurea reaction and carbamate formation, which is a reason why this is not a suitable method to study kinetics of polymerization. Finally, the method used to measure the compressive strength of the microcapsules detected differences in formulations and composition with low sensibility. MDPI 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7926481/ /pubmed/33671501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040644 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ricardo, Fabián Pradilla, Diego Luiz, Ricardo Alvarez Solano, Oscar Alberto A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization |
title | A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization |
title_full | A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization |
title_fullStr | A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization |
title_full_unstemmed | A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization |
title_short | A Multi-Scale Approach to Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization |
title_sort | multi-scale approach to microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040644 |
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