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Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke
There are few wearable sensors suitable for daily monitoring of wrist and finger movements for hand-related healthcare applications. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel algorithm for magnetically counting hand movements. We implemented the algorithm on a wristband that senses...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041502 |
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author | Schwerz de Lucena, Diogo Rowe, Justin Chan, Vicky Reinkensmeyer, David J. |
author_facet | Schwerz de Lucena, Diogo Rowe, Justin Chan, Vicky Reinkensmeyer, David J. |
author_sort | Schwerz de Lucena, Diogo |
collection | PubMed |
description | There are few wearable sensors suitable for daily monitoring of wrist and finger movements for hand-related healthcare applications. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel algorithm for magnetically counting hand movements. We implemented the algorithm on a wristband that senses magnetic field changes produced by movement of a magnetic ring worn on the finger (the “Manumeter”). The “HAND” (Hand Activity estimated by Nonlinear Detection) algorithm assigns a “HAND count” by thresholding the real-time change in magnetic field created by wrist and/or finger movement. We optimized thresholds to achieve a HAND count accuracy of ~85% without requiring subject-specific calibration. Then, we validated the algorithm in a dexterity-impaired population by showing that HAND counts strongly correlate with clinical assessments of upper extremity (UE) function after stroke. Finally, we used HAND counts to test a recent hypothesis in stroke rehabilitation that real-world UE hand use increases only for stroke survivors who achieve a threshold level of UE functional capability. For 29 stroke survivors, HAND counts measured at home did not increase until the participants’ Box and Blocks Test scores exceeded ~50% normal. These results show that a threshold-based magnetometry approach can non-obtrusively quantify hand movements without calibration and also verify a key concept of real-world hand use after stroke. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7926537 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79265372021-03-04 Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke Schwerz de Lucena, Diogo Rowe, Justin Chan, Vicky Reinkensmeyer, David J. Sensors (Basel) Article There are few wearable sensors suitable for daily monitoring of wrist and finger movements for hand-related healthcare applications. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel algorithm for magnetically counting hand movements. We implemented the algorithm on a wristband that senses magnetic field changes produced by movement of a magnetic ring worn on the finger (the “Manumeter”). The “HAND” (Hand Activity estimated by Nonlinear Detection) algorithm assigns a “HAND count” by thresholding the real-time change in magnetic field created by wrist and/or finger movement. We optimized thresholds to achieve a HAND count accuracy of ~85% without requiring subject-specific calibration. Then, we validated the algorithm in a dexterity-impaired population by showing that HAND counts strongly correlate with clinical assessments of upper extremity (UE) function after stroke. Finally, we used HAND counts to test a recent hypothesis in stroke rehabilitation that real-world UE hand use increases only for stroke survivors who achieve a threshold level of UE functional capability. For 29 stroke survivors, HAND counts measured at home did not increase until the participants’ Box and Blocks Test scores exceeded ~50% normal. These results show that a threshold-based magnetometry approach can non-obtrusively quantify hand movements without calibration and also verify a key concept of real-world hand use after stroke. MDPI 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7926537/ /pubmed/33671505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041502 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Schwerz de Lucena, Diogo Rowe, Justin Chan, Vicky Reinkensmeyer, David J. Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke |
title | Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke |
title_full | Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke |
title_fullStr | Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke |
title_full_unstemmed | Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke |
title_short | Magnetically Counting Hand Movements: Validation of a Calibration-Free Algorithm and Application to Testing the Threshold Hypothesis of Real-World Hand Use after Stroke |
title_sort | magnetically counting hand movements: validation of a calibration-free algorithm and application to testing the threshold hypothesis of real-world hand use after stroke |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041502 |
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