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Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber

The exploitation of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in electrochemical applications is approaching its limits because of its poor thermo-mechanical properties. These properties could be improved by chemical and/or physical modification, including grafting and/or crosslinking techniques. In this work...

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Autores principales: Whba, Rawdah, Su’ait, Mohd Sukor, Tian Khoon, Lee, Ibrahim, Salmiah, Mohamed, Nor Sabirin, Ahmad, Azizan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672185
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040660
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author Whba, Rawdah
Su’ait, Mohd Sukor
Tian Khoon, Lee
Ibrahim, Salmiah
Mohamed, Nor Sabirin
Ahmad, Azizan
author_facet Whba, Rawdah
Su’ait, Mohd Sukor
Tian Khoon, Lee
Ibrahim, Salmiah
Mohamed, Nor Sabirin
Ahmad, Azizan
author_sort Whba, Rawdah
collection PubMed
description The exploitation of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in electrochemical applications is approaching its limits because of its poor thermo-mechanical properties. These properties could be improved by chemical and/or physical modification, including grafting and/or crosslinking techniques. In this work, acrylonitrile (ACN) has been successfully grafted onto ENR- 25 by a radical photopolymerization technique. The effect of (ACN to ENR) mole ratios on chemical structure and interaction, thermo-mechanical behaviour and that related to the viscoelastic properties of the polymer was investigated. The existence of the –C≡N functional group at the end-product of ACN-g-ENR is confirmed by infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. An enhanced grafting efficiency (~57%) was obtained after ACN was grafted onto the isoprene unit of ENR- 25 and showing a significant improvement in thermal stability and dielectric properties. The viscoelastic behaviour of the sample analysis showed an increase of storage modulus up to 150 × 10(3) MPa and the temperature of glass transition (T(g)) was between −40 and 10 °C. The loss modulus, relaxation process, and tan delta were also described. Overall, the ACN-g-ENR shows a distinctive improvement in characteristics compared to ENR and can be widely used in many applications where natural rubber is used but improved thermal and mechanical properties are required. Likewise, it may also be used in electronic applications, for example, as a polymer electrolyte in batteries or supercapacitor.
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spelling pubmed-79266372021-03-04 Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber Whba, Rawdah Su’ait, Mohd Sukor Tian Khoon, Lee Ibrahim, Salmiah Mohamed, Nor Sabirin Ahmad, Azizan Polymers (Basel) Article The exploitation of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in electrochemical applications is approaching its limits because of its poor thermo-mechanical properties. These properties could be improved by chemical and/or physical modification, including grafting and/or crosslinking techniques. In this work, acrylonitrile (ACN) has been successfully grafted onto ENR- 25 by a radical photopolymerization technique. The effect of (ACN to ENR) mole ratios on chemical structure and interaction, thermo-mechanical behaviour and that related to the viscoelastic properties of the polymer was investigated. The existence of the –C≡N functional group at the end-product of ACN-g-ENR is confirmed by infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. An enhanced grafting efficiency (~57%) was obtained after ACN was grafted onto the isoprene unit of ENR- 25 and showing a significant improvement in thermal stability and dielectric properties. The viscoelastic behaviour of the sample analysis showed an increase of storage modulus up to 150 × 10(3) MPa and the temperature of glass transition (T(g)) was between −40 and 10 °C. The loss modulus, relaxation process, and tan delta were also described. Overall, the ACN-g-ENR shows a distinctive improvement in characteristics compared to ENR and can be widely used in many applications where natural rubber is used but improved thermal and mechanical properties are required. Likewise, it may also be used in electronic applications, for example, as a polymer electrolyte in batteries or supercapacitor. MDPI 2021-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7926637/ /pubmed/33672185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040660 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Whba, Rawdah
Su’ait, Mohd Sukor
Tian Khoon, Lee
Ibrahim, Salmiah
Mohamed, Nor Sabirin
Ahmad, Azizan
Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber
title Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber
title_full Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber
title_fullStr Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber
title_full_unstemmed Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber
title_short Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber
title_sort free-radical photopolymerization of acrylonitrile grafted onto epoxidized natural rubber
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672185
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040660
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