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Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry

The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The d...

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Autor principal: Keglevich, György
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926777/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672361
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041196
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author Keglevich, György
author_facet Keglevich, György
author_sort Keglevich, György
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assisted transformations. A typical case is when the catalysts are substituted by MWs, which is exemplified by the reduction of phosphine oxides, and by the Kabachnik–Fields condensation affording α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Finally, the Hirao P–C coupling reaction may serve as an example, when the catalyst may be simplified under MW conditions. All of the examples discussed fulfill the expectations of green chemistry.
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spelling pubmed-79267772021-03-04 Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry Keglevich, György Molecules Review The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assisted transformations. A typical case is when the catalysts are substituted by MWs, which is exemplified by the reduction of phosphine oxides, and by the Kabachnik–Fields condensation affording α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Finally, the Hirao P–C coupling reaction may serve as an example, when the catalyst may be simplified under MW conditions. All of the examples discussed fulfill the expectations of green chemistry. MDPI 2021-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7926777/ /pubmed/33672361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041196 Text en © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Keglevich, György
Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
title Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
title_full Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
title_fullStr Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
title_full_unstemmed Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
title_short Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
title_sort microwaves as “co-catalysts” or as substitute for catalysts in organophosphorus chemistry
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926777/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672361
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041196
work_keys_str_mv AT keglevichgyorgy microwavesascocatalystsorassubstituteforcatalystsinorganophosphoruschemistry