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Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks
In this paper, we explore the advantages of a fractional calculus based watermarking system for detecting Gaussian watermarks. To reach this goal, we selected a typical watermarking scheme and replaced the detection equation set by another set of equations derived from fractional calculus principles...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020255 |
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author | Gonzalez-Lee, Mario Vazquez-Leal, Hector Morales-Mendoza, Luis J. Nakano-Miyatake, Mariko Perez-Meana, Hector Laguna-Camacho, Juan R. |
author_facet | Gonzalez-Lee, Mario Vazquez-Leal, Hector Morales-Mendoza, Luis J. Nakano-Miyatake, Mariko Perez-Meana, Hector Laguna-Camacho, Juan R. |
author_sort | Gonzalez-Lee, Mario |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this paper, we explore the advantages of a fractional calculus based watermarking system for detecting Gaussian watermarks. To reach this goal, we selected a typical watermarking scheme and replaced the detection equation set by another set of equations derived from fractional calculus principles; then, we carried out a statistical assessment of the performance of both schemes by analyzing the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the False Positive Percentage (FPP) when they are used to detect Gaussian watermarks. The results show that the ROC of a fractional equation based scheme has 48.3% more Area Under the Curve (AUC) and a False Positives Percentage median of 0.2% whilst the selected typical watermarking scheme has 3%. In addition, the experimental results suggest that the target applications of fractional schemes for detecting Gaussian watermarks are as a semi-fragile image watermarking systems robust to Gaussian noise. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7927010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79270102021-03-04 Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks Gonzalez-Lee, Mario Vazquez-Leal, Hector Morales-Mendoza, Luis J. Nakano-Miyatake, Mariko Perez-Meana, Hector Laguna-Camacho, Juan R. Entropy (Basel) Article In this paper, we explore the advantages of a fractional calculus based watermarking system for detecting Gaussian watermarks. To reach this goal, we selected a typical watermarking scheme and replaced the detection equation set by another set of equations derived from fractional calculus principles; then, we carried out a statistical assessment of the performance of both schemes by analyzing the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the False Positive Percentage (FPP) when they are used to detect Gaussian watermarks. The results show that the ROC of a fractional equation based scheme has 48.3% more Area Under the Curve (AUC) and a False Positives Percentage median of 0.2% whilst the selected typical watermarking scheme has 3%. In addition, the experimental results suggest that the target applications of fractional schemes for detecting Gaussian watermarks are as a semi-fragile image watermarking systems robust to Gaussian noise. MDPI 2021-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7927010/ /pubmed/33672152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020255 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gonzalez-Lee, Mario Vazquez-Leal, Hector Morales-Mendoza, Luis J. Nakano-Miyatake, Mariko Perez-Meana, Hector Laguna-Camacho, Juan R. Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks |
title | Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks |
title_full | Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks |
title_fullStr | Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks |
title_full_unstemmed | Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks |
title_short | Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks |
title_sort | statistical assessment of discrimination capabilities of a fractional calculus based image watermarking system for gaussian watermarks |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020255 |
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