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Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester

Condition monitoring devices in hydraulic systems that use batteries or require wired infrastructure have drawbacks that affect their installation, maintenance costs, and deployment flexibility. Energy harvesting technologies can serve as an alternative power supply for system loads, eliminating bat...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Aranda, Jesus Javier, Bader, Sebastian, Oelmann, Bengt
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672194
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041546
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author Aranda, Jesus Javier
Bader, Sebastian
Oelmann, Bengt
author_facet Aranda, Jesus Javier
Bader, Sebastian
Oelmann, Bengt
author_sort Aranda, Jesus Javier
collection PubMed
description Condition monitoring devices in hydraulic systems that use batteries or require wired infrastructure have drawbacks that affect their installation, maintenance costs, and deployment flexibility. Energy harvesting technologies can serve as an alternative power supply for system loads, eliminating batteries and wiring requirements. Despite the interest in pressure fluctuation energy harvesters, few studies consider end-to-end implementations, especially for cases with low-amplitude pressure fluctuations. This generates a research gap regarding the practical amount of energy available to the load under these conditions, as well as interface circuit requirements and techniques for efficient energy conversion. In this paper, we present a self-powered sensor that integrates an energy harvester and a wireless sensing system. The energy harvester converts pressure fluctuations in hydraulic systems into electrical energy using an acoustic resonator, a piezoelectric stack, and an interface circuit. The prototype wireless sensor consists of an industrial pressure sensor and a low-power Bluetooth System-on-chip that samples and wirelessly transmits pressure data. We present a subsystem analysis and a full system implementation that considers hydraulic systems with pressure fluctuation amplitudes of less than 1 bar and frequencies of less than 300 Hz. The study examines the frequency response of the energy harvester, the performance of the interface circuit, and the advantages of using an active power improvement unit adapted for piezoelectric stacks. We show that the interface circuit used improves the performance of the energy harvester compared to previous similar studies, showing more power generation compared to the standard interface. Experimental measurements show that the self-powered sensor system can start up by harvesting energy from pressure fluctuations with amplitudes starting at 0.2 bar at 200 Hz. It can also sample and transmit sensor data at a rate of 100 Hz at 0.7 bar at 200 Hz. The system is implemented with off-the-shelf circuits.
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spelling pubmed-79270262021-03-04 Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester Aranda, Jesus Javier Bader, Sebastian Oelmann, Bengt Sensors (Basel) Article Condition monitoring devices in hydraulic systems that use batteries or require wired infrastructure have drawbacks that affect their installation, maintenance costs, and deployment flexibility. Energy harvesting technologies can serve as an alternative power supply for system loads, eliminating batteries and wiring requirements. Despite the interest in pressure fluctuation energy harvesters, few studies consider end-to-end implementations, especially for cases with low-amplitude pressure fluctuations. This generates a research gap regarding the practical amount of energy available to the load under these conditions, as well as interface circuit requirements and techniques for efficient energy conversion. In this paper, we present a self-powered sensor that integrates an energy harvester and a wireless sensing system. The energy harvester converts pressure fluctuations in hydraulic systems into electrical energy using an acoustic resonator, a piezoelectric stack, and an interface circuit. The prototype wireless sensor consists of an industrial pressure sensor and a low-power Bluetooth System-on-chip that samples and wirelessly transmits pressure data. We present a subsystem analysis and a full system implementation that considers hydraulic systems with pressure fluctuation amplitudes of less than 1 bar and frequencies of less than 300 Hz. The study examines the frequency response of the energy harvester, the performance of the interface circuit, and the advantages of using an active power improvement unit adapted for piezoelectric stacks. We show that the interface circuit used improves the performance of the energy harvester compared to previous similar studies, showing more power generation compared to the standard interface. Experimental measurements show that the self-powered sensor system can start up by harvesting energy from pressure fluctuations with amplitudes starting at 0.2 bar at 200 Hz. It can also sample and transmit sensor data at a rate of 100 Hz at 0.7 bar at 200 Hz. The system is implemented with off-the-shelf circuits. MDPI 2021-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7927026/ /pubmed/33672194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041546 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Aranda, Jesus Javier
Bader, Sebastian
Oelmann, Bengt
Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
title Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
title_full Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
title_fullStr Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
title_full_unstemmed Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
title_short Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
title_sort self-powered wireless sensor using a pressure fluctuation energy harvester
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672194
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041546
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