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Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection

Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cyt...

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Autores principales: Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana, Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana, Barbic, Ljubo, Ilic, Maja, Savic, Vladimir, Tabain, Irena, Ferenc, Thomas, Grgic, Ivana, Gorenec, Lana, Bogdanic, Maja, Stevanovic, Vladimir, Sabadi, Dario, Peric, Ljiljana, Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja, Dvorski, Elizabeta, Butigan, Tamara, Capak, Krunoslav, Listes, Eddy, Savini, Giovanni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671821
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020342
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author Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana
Barbic, Ljubo
Ilic, Maja
Savic, Vladimir
Tabain, Irena
Ferenc, Thomas
Grgic, Ivana
Gorenec, Lana
Bogdanic, Maja
Stevanovic, Vladimir
Sabadi, Dario
Peric, Ljiljana
Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja
Dvorski, Elizabeta
Butigan, Tamara
Capak, Krunoslav
Listes, Eddy
Savini, Giovanni
author_facet Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana
Barbic, Ljubo
Ilic, Maja
Savic, Vladimir
Tabain, Irena
Ferenc, Thomas
Grgic, Ivana
Gorenec, Lana
Bogdanic, Maja
Stevanovic, Vladimir
Sabadi, Dario
Peric, Ljiljana
Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja
Dvorski, Elizabeta
Butigan, Tamara
Capak, Krunoslav
Listes, Eddy
Savini, Giovanni
author_sort Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
collection PubMed
description Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cytokines. The panel included cytokines associated with innate and early pro-inflammatory immune responses (TNF-α/IL-6), Th1 (IL-2/IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4/IL-5/IL-9/IL-13), Th17 immune response (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21/IL-22) and the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Elevated levels of IFN-γ were detected in 71.7% of CSF and 22.7% of serum samples (p = 0.003). Expression of IL-2/IL-4/TNF-α and Th1 17 cytokines (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21) was detected in the serum but not in the CSF (except one positive CSF sample for IL-17F/IL-4). While IL-6 levels were markedly higher in the CSF compared to serum (CSF median 2036.71, IQR 213.82–6190.50; serum median 24.48, IQR 11.93–49.81; p < 0.001), no difference in the IL-13/IL-9/IL-10/IFN-γ/IL-22 levels in serum/CSF was found. In conclusion, increased concentrations of the key cytokines associated with innate and early acute phase responses (IL-6) and Th1 type immune responses (IFN-γ) were found in the CNS of patients with WNV infection. In contrast, expression of the key T-cell growth factor IL-2, Th17 cytokines, a Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α appear to be concentrated mainly in the periphery.
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spelling pubmed-79270942021-03-04 Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana Barbic, Ljubo Ilic, Maja Savic, Vladimir Tabain, Irena Ferenc, Thomas Grgic, Ivana Gorenec, Lana Bogdanic, Maja Stevanovic, Vladimir Sabadi, Dario Peric, Ljiljana Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja Dvorski, Elizabeta Butigan, Tamara Capak, Krunoslav Listes, Eddy Savini, Giovanni Viruses Article Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cytokines. The panel included cytokines associated with innate and early pro-inflammatory immune responses (TNF-α/IL-6), Th1 (IL-2/IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4/IL-5/IL-9/IL-13), Th17 immune response (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21/IL-22) and the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Elevated levels of IFN-γ were detected in 71.7% of CSF and 22.7% of serum samples (p = 0.003). Expression of IL-2/IL-4/TNF-α and Th1 17 cytokines (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21) was detected in the serum but not in the CSF (except one positive CSF sample for IL-17F/IL-4). While IL-6 levels were markedly higher in the CSF compared to serum (CSF median 2036.71, IQR 213.82–6190.50; serum median 24.48, IQR 11.93–49.81; p < 0.001), no difference in the IL-13/IL-9/IL-10/IFN-γ/IL-22 levels in serum/CSF was found. In conclusion, increased concentrations of the key cytokines associated with innate and early acute phase responses (IL-6) and Th1 type immune responses (IFN-γ) were found in the CNS of patients with WNV infection. In contrast, expression of the key T-cell growth factor IL-2, Th17 cytokines, a Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α appear to be concentrated mainly in the periphery. MDPI 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7927094/ /pubmed/33671821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020342 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana
Barbic, Ljubo
Ilic, Maja
Savic, Vladimir
Tabain, Irena
Ferenc, Thomas
Grgic, Ivana
Gorenec, Lana
Bogdanic, Maja
Stevanovic, Vladimir
Sabadi, Dario
Peric, Ljiljana
Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja
Dvorski, Elizabeta
Butigan, Tamara
Capak, Krunoslav
Listes, Eddy
Savini, Giovanni
Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
title Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
title_full Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
title_fullStr Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
title_short Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
title_sort antiviral cytokine response in neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive west nile virus infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671821
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020342
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