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Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection
Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cyt...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020342 |
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author | Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana Barbic, Ljubo Ilic, Maja Savic, Vladimir Tabain, Irena Ferenc, Thomas Grgic, Ivana Gorenec, Lana Bogdanic, Maja Stevanovic, Vladimir Sabadi, Dario Peric, Ljiljana Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja Dvorski, Elizabeta Butigan, Tamara Capak, Krunoslav Listes, Eddy Savini, Giovanni |
author_facet | Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana Barbic, Ljubo Ilic, Maja Savic, Vladimir Tabain, Irena Ferenc, Thomas Grgic, Ivana Gorenec, Lana Bogdanic, Maja Stevanovic, Vladimir Sabadi, Dario Peric, Ljiljana Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja Dvorski, Elizabeta Butigan, Tamara Capak, Krunoslav Listes, Eddy Savini, Giovanni |
author_sort | Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cytokines. The panel included cytokines associated with innate and early pro-inflammatory immune responses (TNF-α/IL-6), Th1 (IL-2/IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4/IL-5/IL-9/IL-13), Th17 immune response (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21/IL-22) and the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Elevated levels of IFN-γ were detected in 71.7% of CSF and 22.7% of serum samples (p = 0.003). Expression of IL-2/IL-4/TNF-α and Th1 17 cytokines (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21) was detected in the serum but not in the CSF (except one positive CSF sample for IL-17F/IL-4). While IL-6 levels were markedly higher in the CSF compared to serum (CSF median 2036.71, IQR 213.82–6190.50; serum median 24.48, IQR 11.93–49.81; p < 0.001), no difference in the IL-13/IL-9/IL-10/IFN-γ/IL-22 levels in serum/CSF was found. In conclusion, increased concentrations of the key cytokines associated with innate and early acute phase responses (IL-6) and Th1 type immune responses (IFN-γ) were found in the CNS of patients with WNV infection. In contrast, expression of the key T-cell growth factor IL-2, Th17 cytokines, a Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α appear to be concentrated mainly in the periphery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7927094 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79270942021-03-04 Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana Barbic, Ljubo Ilic, Maja Savic, Vladimir Tabain, Irena Ferenc, Thomas Grgic, Ivana Gorenec, Lana Bogdanic, Maja Stevanovic, Vladimir Sabadi, Dario Peric, Ljiljana Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja Dvorski, Elizabeta Butigan, Tamara Capak, Krunoslav Listes, Eddy Savini, Giovanni Viruses Article Data on the immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) are limited. We analyzed the antiviral cytokine response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with WNV fever and WNV neuroinvasive disease using a multiplex bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of 13 human cytokines. The panel included cytokines associated with innate and early pro-inflammatory immune responses (TNF-α/IL-6), Th1 (IL-2/IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4/IL-5/IL-9/IL-13), Th17 immune response (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21/IL-22) and the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Elevated levels of IFN-γ were detected in 71.7% of CSF and 22.7% of serum samples (p = 0.003). Expression of IL-2/IL-4/TNF-α and Th1 17 cytokines (IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-21) was detected in the serum but not in the CSF (except one positive CSF sample for IL-17F/IL-4). While IL-6 levels were markedly higher in the CSF compared to serum (CSF median 2036.71, IQR 213.82–6190.50; serum median 24.48, IQR 11.93–49.81; p < 0.001), no difference in the IL-13/IL-9/IL-10/IFN-γ/IL-22 levels in serum/CSF was found. In conclusion, increased concentrations of the key cytokines associated with innate and early acute phase responses (IL-6) and Th1 type immune responses (IFN-γ) were found in the CNS of patients with WNV infection. In contrast, expression of the key T-cell growth factor IL-2, Th17 cytokines, a Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α appear to be concentrated mainly in the periphery. MDPI 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7927094/ /pubmed/33671821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020342 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana Barbic, Ljubo Ilic, Maja Savic, Vladimir Tabain, Irena Ferenc, Thomas Grgic, Ivana Gorenec, Lana Bogdanic, Maja Stevanovic, Vladimir Sabadi, Dario Peric, Ljiljana Potocnik-Hunjadi, Tanja Dvorski, Elizabeta Butigan, Tamara Capak, Krunoslav Listes, Eddy Savini, Giovanni Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection |
title | Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection |
title_full | Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection |
title_fullStr | Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection |
title_short | Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection |
title_sort | antiviral cytokine response in neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive west nile virus infection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7927094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020342 |
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