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A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
BACKGROUND: Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33528016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa168 |
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author | Nicol, Mark P MacGinty, Rae Workman, Lesley Stadler, Jacob A M Myer, Landon Allen, Veronica Ah Tow Edries, Lemese Zar, Heather J |
author_facet | Nicol, Mark P MacGinty, Rae Workman, Lesley Stadler, Jacob A M Myer, Landon Allen, Veronica Ah Tow Edries, Lemese Zar, Heather J |
author_sort | Nicol, Mark P |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection during the first year of life, including risk factors and association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort near Cape Town, South Africa, from 2012 to 2015. LRTI surveillance was implemented, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fortnightly over infancy. Quantitative PCR detected respiratory pathogens, including coronaviruses-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1. Swabs were tested from infants at the time of LRTI and from the 90 days prior as well as from age-matched control infants from the cohort over the equivalent period. RESULTS: In total, 885 infants were included, among whom 464 LRTI events occurred. Of the 4751 samples tested for sHCoV, 9% tested positive, with HCoV-NL63 the most common. Seasonal HCoV detection was associated with LRTI; this association was strongest for coronavirus-OC43, which was also found in all sHCoV-associated hospitalizations. Birth in winter was associated with sHCoV-LRTI, but there were no clear seasonal differences in detection. Co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae was weakly associated with sHCoV-LRTI (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6); detection of other respiratory viruses or bacteria was not associated with sHCoV status. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, particularly sHCoV-OC43, which is most closely related to the SARS group of coronaviruses. Interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI require further study. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7928775 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79287752021-03-04 A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort Nicol, Mark P MacGinty, Rae Workman, Lesley Stadler, Jacob A M Myer, Landon Allen, Veronica Ah Tow Edries, Lemese Zar, Heather J J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc Original Articles BACKGROUND: Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection during the first year of life, including risk factors and association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort near Cape Town, South Africa, from 2012 to 2015. LRTI surveillance was implemented, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fortnightly over infancy. Quantitative PCR detected respiratory pathogens, including coronaviruses-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1. Swabs were tested from infants at the time of LRTI and from the 90 days prior as well as from age-matched control infants from the cohort over the equivalent period. RESULTS: In total, 885 infants were included, among whom 464 LRTI events occurred. Of the 4751 samples tested for sHCoV, 9% tested positive, with HCoV-NL63 the most common. Seasonal HCoV detection was associated with LRTI; this association was strongest for coronavirus-OC43, which was also found in all sHCoV-associated hospitalizations. Birth in winter was associated with sHCoV-LRTI, but there were no clear seasonal differences in detection. Co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae was weakly associated with sHCoV-LRTI (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6); detection of other respiratory viruses or bacteria was not associated with sHCoV status. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, particularly sHCoV-OC43, which is most closely related to the SARS group of coronaviruses. Interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI require further study. Oxford University Press 2021-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7928775/ /pubmed/33528016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa168 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Nicol, Mark P MacGinty, Rae Workman, Lesley Stadler, Jacob A M Myer, Landon Allen, Veronica Ah Tow Edries, Lemese Zar, Heather J A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort |
title | A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort |
title_full | A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort |
title_fullStr | A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort |
title_full_unstemmed | A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort |
title_short | A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort |
title_sort | longitudinal study of the epidemiology of seasonal coronaviruses in an african birth cohort |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33528016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa168 |
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