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A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort

BACKGROUND: Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection...

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Autores principales: Nicol, Mark P, MacGinty, Rae, Workman, Lesley, Stadler, Jacob A M, Myer, Landon, Allen, Veronica, Ah Tow Edries, Lemese, Zar, Heather J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928775/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33528016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa168
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author Nicol, Mark P
MacGinty, Rae
Workman, Lesley
Stadler, Jacob A M
Myer, Landon
Allen, Veronica
Ah Tow Edries, Lemese
Zar, Heather J
author_facet Nicol, Mark P
MacGinty, Rae
Workman, Lesley
Stadler, Jacob A M
Myer, Landon
Allen, Veronica
Ah Tow Edries, Lemese
Zar, Heather J
author_sort Nicol, Mark P
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection during the first year of life, including risk factors and association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort near Cape Town, South Africa, from 2012 to 2015. LRTI surveillance was implemented, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fortnightly over infancy. Quantitative PCR detected respiratory pathogens, including coronaviruses-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1. Swabs were tested from infants at the time of LRTI and from the 90 days prior as well as from age-matched control infants from the cohort over the equivalent period. RESULTS: In total, 885 infants were included, among whom 464 LRTI events occurred. Of the 4751 samples tested for sHCoV, 9% tested positive, with HCoV-NL63 the most common. Seasonal HCoV detection was associated with LRTI; this association was strongest for coronavirus-OC43, which was also found in all sHCoV-associated hospitalizations. Birth in winter was associated with sHCoV-LRTI, but there were no clear seasonal differences in detection. Co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae was weakly associated with sHCoV-LRTI (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6); detection of other respiratory viruses or bacteria was not associated with sHCoV status. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, particularly sHCoV-OC43, which is most closely related to the SARS group of coronaviruses. Interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI require further study.
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spelling pubmed-79287752021-03-04 A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort Nicol, Mark P MacGinty, Rae Workman, Lesley Stadler, Jacob A M Myer, Landon Allen, Veronica Ah Tow Edries, Lemese Zar, Heather J J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc Original Articles BACKGROUND: Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection during the first year of life, including risk factors and association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort near Cape Town, South Africa, from 2012 to 2015. LRTI surveillance was implemented, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fortnightly over infancy. Quantitative PCR detected respiratory pathogens, including coronaviruses-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1. Swabs were tested from infants at the time of LRTI and from the 90 days prior as well as from age-matched control infants from the cohort over the equivalent period. RESULTS: In total, 885 infants were included, among whom 464 LRTI events occurred. Of the 4751 samples tested for sHCoV, 9% tested positive, with HCoV-NL63 the most common. Seasonal HCoV detection was associated with LRTI; this association was strongest for coronavirus-OC43, which was also found in all sHCoV-associated hospitalizations. Birth in winter was associated with sHCoV-LRTI, but there were no clear seasonal differences in detection. Co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae was weakly associated with sHCoV-LRTI (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6); detection of other respiratory viruses or bacteria was not associated with sHCoV status. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, particularly sHCoV-OC43, which is most closely related to the SARS group of coronaviruses. Interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI require further study. Oxford University Press 2021-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7928775/ /pubmed/33528016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa168 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Nicol, Mark P
MacGinty, Rae
Workman, Lesley
Stadler, Jacob A M
Myer, Landon
Allen, Veronica
Ah Tow Edries, Lemese
Zar, Heather J
A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
title A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
title_full A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
title_fullStr A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
title_full_unstemmed A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
title_short A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
title_sort longitudinal study of the epidemiology of seasonal coronaviruses in an african birth cohort
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928775/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33528016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa168
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