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A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Acute liver failure is a life-threatening condition commonly caused by drug-induced hepatotoxicity or viral hepatitides. However, there are a number of rarer causes such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of uncontrolled immune cell activation,...

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Autores principales: Coppola, Andrew, Chey, Chia, O’Donovan, Emma, Rahman, Monira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7930656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270420983623
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author Coppola, Andrew
Chey, Chia
O’Donovan, Emma
Rahman, Monira
author_facet Coppola, Andrew
Chey, Chia
O’Donovan, Emma
Rahman, Monira
author_sort Coppola, Andrew
collection PubMed
description Acute liver failure is a life-threatening condition commonly caused by drug-induced hepatotoxicity or viral hepatitides. However, there are a number of rarer causes such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of uncontrolled immune cell activation, triggered by infection or malignancy, which carries a high mortality. Whilst mild to moderate liver injury is commonly seen with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, acute liver failure has rarely been reported in adults. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with acute liver failure secondary to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by undiagnosed large B-cell lymphoma. Initially treated for biliary sepsis, there was a delay in the diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and despite initiating chemotherapy, he died soon after. This case highlights the importance of considering haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a rare cause of acute liver failure, as given the life-threatening potential of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a prompt diagnosis may allow early initiation of chemotherapy for any chance of survival.
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spelling pubmed-79306562021-03-12 A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Coppola, Andrew Chey, Chia O’Donovan, Emma Rahman, Monira JRSM Open Case Report Acute liver failure is a life-threatening condition commonly caused by drug-induced hepatotoxicity or viral hepatitides. However, there are a number of rarer causes such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a syndrome of uncontrolled immune cell activation, triggered by infection or malignancy, which carries a high mortality. Whilst mild to moderate liver injury is commonly seen with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, acute liver failure has rarely been reported in adults. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with acute liver failure secondary to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by undiagnosed large B-cell lymphoma. Initially treated for biliary sepsis, there was a delay in the diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and despite initiating chemotherapy, he died soon after. This case highlights the importance of considering haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a rare cause of acute liver failure, as given the life-threatening potential of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a prompt diagnosis may allow early initiation of chemotherapy for any chance of survival. SAGE Publications 2021-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7930656/ /pubmed/33717491 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270420983623 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Case Report
Coppola, Andrew
Chey, Chia
O’Donovan, Emma
Rahman, Monira
A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
title A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
title_full A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
title_fullStr A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
title_full_unstemmed A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
title_short A rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
title_sort rare cause of acute liver failure due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to diffuse large b-cell lymphoma
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7930656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270420983623
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