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Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria can be shared between humans and animals, through food, water, and the environment. Wild animals are not only potential reservoirs of AMR, but are also sentinels mirroring the presence of AMR zoonotic bacteria in the environment. In Northern Ireland, little is...

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Autores principales: O’Hagan, Maria J. H., Pascual-Linaza, Ana V., Couzens, Catherine, Holmes, Clare, Bell, Colin, Spence, Nessie, Huey, Robert J., Murphy, Julie A., Devaney, Ryan, Lahuerta-Marin, Angela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7930819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33679630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.596891
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author O’Hagan, Maria J. H.
Pascual-Linaza, Ana V.
Couzens, Catherine
Holmes, Clare
Bell, Colin
Spence, Nessie
Huey, Robert J.
Murphy, Julie A.
Devaney, Ryan
Lahuerta-Marin, Angela
author_facet O’Hagan, Maria J. H.
Pascual-Linaza, Ana V.
Couzens, Catherine
Holmes, Clare
Bell, Colin
Spence, Nessie
Huey, Robert J.
Murphy, Julie A.
Devaney, Ryan
Lahuerta-Marin, Angela
author_sort O’Hagan, Maria J. H.
collection PubMed
description Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria can be shared between humans and animals, through food, water, and the environment. Wild animals are not only potential reservoirs of AMR, but are also sentinels mirroring the presence of AMR zoonotic bacteria in the environment. In Northern Ireland, little is known about levels of AMR in bacteria in wildlife, thus the current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of AMR bacteria in wildlife using wildlife species from two ongoing surveys as a proxy. Nasopharyngeal swabs and faecal samples from European badgers (Meles meles) (146 faecal samples; 118 nasal samples) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (321 faecal samples; 279 nasal samples) were collected throughout Northern Ireland and were used to survey for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase resistant and AmpC-type beta lactamases Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC), Salmonella spp. (only in badgers) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ESBLs were detected in 13 out of 146 badger faecal samples (8.90%) and 37 out of 321 of fox faecal samples (11.53%), all of them presenting multi-drug resistance (MDR). Fourteen out of 146 (9.59%) badger faecal samples carried Salmonella spp. [S. Agama (n = 9), S. Newport (n = 4) and S. enterica subsp. arizonae (n = 1)]. Overall, AMR was found only in the S. enterica subsp. arizonae isolate (1/14, 7.14%). No MRSA were detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from badgers (n = 118) and foxes (n = 279). This is the first attempt to explore the prevalence of AMR in the two common wildlife species in Northern Ireland. These findings are important as they can be used as a base line for further research exploring the origin of the found resistance. These results should encourage similar surveys where environmental samples are included to bring better understanding of AMR dynamics, and the impact on wildlife, domestic livestock and humans.
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spelling pubmed-79308192021-03-05 Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland O’Hagan, Maria J. H. Pascual-Linaza, Ana V. Couzens, Catherine Holmes, Clare Bell, Colin Spence, Nessie Huey, Robert J. Murphy, Julie A. Devaney, Ryan Lahuerta-Marin, Angela Front Microbiol Microbiology Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria can be shared between humans and animals, through food, water, and the environment. Wild animals are not only potential reservoirs of AMR, but are also sentinels mirroring the presence of AMR zoonotic bacteria in the environment. In Northern Ireland, little is known about levels of AMR in bacteria in wildlife, thus the current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of AMR bacteria in wildlife using wildlife species from two ongoing surveys as a proxy. Nasopharyngeal swabs and faecal samples from European badgers (Meles meles) (146 faecal samples; 118 nasal samples) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (321 faecal samples; 279 nasal samples) were collected throughout Northern Ireland and were used to survey for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase resistant and AmpC-type beta lactamases Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC), Salmonella spp. (only in badgers) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ESBLs were detected in 13 out of 146 badger faecal samples (8.90%) and 37 out of 321 of fox faecal samples (11.53%), all of them presenting multi-drug resistance (MDR). Fourteen out of 146 (9.59%) badger faecal samples carried Salmonella spp. [S. Agama (n = 9), S. Newport (n = 4) and S. enterica subsp. arizonae (n = 1)]. Overall, AMR was found only in the S. enterica subsp. arizonae isolate (1/14, 7.14%). No MRSA were detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from badgers (n = 118) and foxes (n = 279). This is the first attempt to explore the prevalence of AMR in the two common wildlife species in Northern Ireland. These findings are important as they can be used as a base line for further research exploring the origin of the found resistance. These results should encourage similar surveys where environmental samples are included to bring better understanding of AMR dynamics, and the impact on wildlife, domestic livestock and humans. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7930819/ /pubmed/33679630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.596891 Text en Copyright © 2021 O’Hagan, Pascual-Linaza, Couzens, Holmes, Bell, Spence, Huey, Murphy, Devaney and Lahuerta-Marin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
O’Hagan, Maria J. H.
Pascual-Linaza, Ana V.
Couzens, Catherine
Holmes, Clare
Bell, Colin
Spence, Nessie
Huey, Robert J.
Murphy, Julie A.
Devaney, Ryan
Lahuerta-Marin, Angela
Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
title Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
title_full Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
title_fullStr Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
title_short Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
title_sort estimation of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in badgers (meles meles) and foxes (vulpes vulpes) in northern ireland
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7930819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33679630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.596891
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