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Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout the world. This disease has a spectrum of different clinical pictures with different outcomes. Herein, we report all the data from three paucisymptomatic pat...

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Autores principales: Corrao, Salvatore, Gervasi, Francesco, Di Bernardo, Francesca, Argano, Christiano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7930978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804326
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11010021
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author Corrao, Salvatore
Gervasi, Francesco
Di Bernardo, Francesca
Argano, Christiano
author_facet Corrao, Salvatore
Gervasi, Francesco
Di Bernardo, Francesca
Argano, Christiano
author_sort Corrao, Salvatore
collection PubMed
description The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout the world. This disease has a spectrum of different clinical pictures with different outcomes. Herein, we report all the data from three paucisymptomatic patients during a hospital stay that might represent a paradigmatic example of the method by which SARS-CoV-2 is shed. We demonstrated the lack of an adequate qualitative and quantitative immune response by multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. Our data can provide a new perspective about the method by which SARS-CoV-2 is shed and the clinical weight of viral persistence. In all three cases, the long persistence of the virus and the consistent reduction in both innate and adaptative immune cells are not associated with greater disease severity. These patients might represent at least part of the population. In particular, one patient oscillated between positive and negative swab tests several times without presenting any immune response. In all three cases, the immune response failure was not associated with a clinically significant involvement, indicating that it is not the virus’s ability to impair the immune system, as well as its presence and persistence the fundamental mechanism that might causally lead to death. Finally, this kind of immune response in paucisymptomatic patients could pose a considerable danger to public health that questions the quarantine period. It is urgent to quantify the phenomenon with a large sample study.
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spelling pubmed-79309782021-03-05 Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders Corrao, Salvatore Gervasi, Francesco Di Bernardo, Francesca Argano, Christiano Clin Pract Case Report The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout the world. This disease has a spectrum of different clinical pictures with different outcomes. Herein, we report all the data from three paucisymptomatic patients during a hospital stay that might represent a paradigmatic example of the method by which SARS-CoV-2 is shed. We demonstrated the lack of an adequate qualitative and quantitative immune response by multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. Our data can provide a new perspective about the method by which SARS-CoV-2 is shed and the clinical weight of viral persistence. In all three cases, the long persistence of the virus and the consistent reduction in both innate and adaptative immune cells are not associated with greater disease severity. These patients might represent at least part of the population. In particular, one patient oscillated between positive and negative swab tests several times without presenting any immune response. In all three cases, the immune response failure was not associated with a clinically significant involvement, indicating that it is not the virus’s ability to impair the immune system, as well as its presence and persistence the fundamental mechanism that might causally lead to death. Finally, this kind of immune response in paucisymptomatic patients could pose a considerable danger to public health that questions the quarantine period. It is urgent to quantify the phenomenon with a large sample study. MDPI 2021-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7930978/ /pubmed/33804326 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11010021 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Corrao, Salvatore
Gervasi, Francesco
Di Bernardo, Francesca
Argano, Christiano
Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders
title Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders
title_full Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders
title_fullStr Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders
title_full_unstemmed Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders
title_short Immune Response Failure in Paucisymptomatic Long-Standing SARS-CoV-2 Spreaders
title_sort immune response failure in paucisymptomatic long-standing sars-cov-2 spreaders
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7930978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804326
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11010021
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