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Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis

BACKGROUND: The significance of Candida in pulmonary secretions is unclear, and usually is regarded as colonization, not contributing to symptoms or disease. Yet, in our experience, Candida seemed associated with chronic sputum, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and poor outcome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of th...

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Autores principales: Johnson, Douglas C., Chirumamilla, Suresh K., Paez, Armando P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7931156/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717368
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306402014010087
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author Johnson, Douglas C.
Chirumamilla, Suresh K.
Paez, Armando P.
author_facet Johnson, Douglas C.
Chirumamilla, Suresh K.
Paez, Armando P.
author_sort Johnson, Douglas C.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The significance of Candida in pulmonary secretions is unclear, and usually is regarded as colonization, not contributing to symptoms or disease. Yet, in our experience, Candida seemed associated with chronic sputum, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and poor outcome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical findings of patients with Candida in pulmonary (sputum or bronchoscopy) secretions and the significance of Candida. METHODS: Retrospective study of inpatients and outpatients referred for pulmonary consultation with Candida in pulmonary secretions. Clinical parameters and estimates of whether Candida was likely clinically significant, were determined. RESULTS: 82 inpatients and 11 outpatients were identified, of which 61 (66%) had atelectasis and 68 (73%) bronchoscopies. Of patients having bronchoscopies, 56 (82%) had mucus, and 43 (63%) mucus plugging. Of the inpatients death (or probable death) occurred in 43 (63%), 42 (98%) of which were from definite or probable respiratory failure, with 13 (31%) likely related to mucus plugging, 16 (38%) possibly from mucus plugging, 6 (14%) unknown, and 7 (17%) not due to mucus plugging. Candida was felt likely clinically significant in 57 patients (61%), uncertain significance in 23 (25%), and not significant in 13 (14%). All outpatients had exacerbations, including 7 (64%) within a year. CONCLUSION: Patients requiring pulmonary consultation with Candida in pulmonary secretions often have chronic sputum production, exacerbations, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and death from respiratory failure. Candida was likely clinically significant in most patients. Recommendations to consider Candida in pulmonary secretions as colonization should be reconsidered.
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spelling pubmed-79311562021-03-12 Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis Johnson, Douglas C. Chirumamilla, Suresh K. Paez, Armando P. Open Respir Med J Article BACKGROUND: The significance of Candida in pulmonary secretions is unclear, and usually is regarded as colonization, not contributing to symptoms or disease. Yet, in our experience, Candida seemed associated with chronic sputum, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and poor outcome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical findings of patients with Candida in pulmonary (sputum or bronchoscopy) secretions and the significance of Candida. METHODS: Retrospective study of inpatients and outpatients referred for pulmonary consultation with Candida in pulmonary secretions. Clinical parameters and estimates of whether Candida was likely clinically significant, were determined. RESULTS: 82 inpatients and 11 outpatients were identified, of which 61 (66%) had atelectasis and 68 (73%) bronchoscopies. Of patients having bronchoscopies, 56 (82%) had mucus, and 43 (63%) mucus plugging. Of the inpatients death (or probable death) occurred in 43 (63%), 42 (98%) of which were from definite or probable respiratory failure, with 13 (31%) likely related to mucus plugging, 16 (38%) possibly from mucus plugging, 6 (14%) unknown, and 7 (17%) not due to mucus plugging. Candida was felt likely clinically significant in 57 patients (61%), uncertain significance in 23 (25%), and not significant in 13 (14%). All outpatients had exacerbations, including 7 (64%) within a year. CONCLUSION: Patients requiring pulmonary consultation with Candida in pulmonary secretions often have chronic sputum production, exacerbations, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and death from respiratory failure. Candida was likely clinically significant in most patients. Recommendations to consider Candida in pulmonary secretions as colonization should be reconsidered. Bentham Science Publishers 2020-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7931156/ /pubmed/33717368 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306402014010087 Text en © 2020 Johnson et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Johnson, Douglas C.
Chirumamilla, Suresh K.
Paez, Armando P.
Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis
title Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis
title_full Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis
title_fullStr Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis
title_full_unstemmed Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis
title_short Respiratory Candida in Patients with Bronchitis, Mucus Plugging, and Atelectasis
title_sort respiratory candida in patients with bronchitis, mucus plugging, and atelectasis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7931156/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717368
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306402014010087
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