Cargando…
Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study
INTRODUCTION: Gender dysphoria (GD) is characterized by a marked incongruence between experienced gender and one’s gender assigned at birth. Transsexual individuals present a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders when compared to non-transsexual populations, and it has been proposed that minori...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7932037/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33681906 http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0007 |
_version_ | 1783660400172072960 |
---|---|
author | Real, André Gonzales Fontanari, Anna Martha Vaitses Costa, Angelo Brandelli Soll, Bianca Machado Borba Bristot, Giovana de Oliveira, Larissa Fagundes Kamphorst, Ana Maria Schneider, Maiko Abel Lobato, Maria Inês Rodrigues |
author_facet | Real, André Gonzales Fontanari, Anna Martha Vaitses Costa, Angelo Brandelli Soll, Bianca Machado Borba Bristot, Giovana de Oliveira, Larissa Fagundes Kamphorst, Ana Maria Schneider, Maiko Abel Lobato, Maria Inês Rodrigues |
author_sort | Real, André Gonzales |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Gender dysphoria (GD) is characterized by a marked incongruence between experienced gender and one’s gender assigned at birth. Transsexual individuals present a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders when compared to non-transsexual populations, and it has been proposed that minority stress, i.e., discrimination or prejudice, has a relevant impact on these outcomes. Transsexuals also show increased chances of having experienced maltreatment during childhood. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are inflammatory cytokines that regulate our immune system. Imbalanced levels in such cytokines are linked to history of childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorders. We compared differences in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels and exposure to traumatic events in childhood and adulthood in individuals with and without GD (DSM-5). METHODS: Cross-sectional controlled study comparing 34 transsexual women and 31 non-transsexual men. They underwent a thorough structured interview, assessing sociodemographic information, mood and anxiety symptoms, childhood maltreatment, explicit discrimination and suicidal ideation. Inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) were measured by multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS: Individuals with GD experienced more discrimination (p = 0.002) and childhood maltreatment (p = 0.046) than non-transsexual men. Higher suicidal ideation (p < 0.001) and previous suicide attempt (p = 0.001) rates were observed in transsexual women. However, no differences were observed in the levels of any cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that transsexual women are more exposed to stressful events from childhood to adulthood than non-transsexual men and that GD per se does not play a role in inflammatory markers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7932037 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79320372021-03-08 Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study Real, André Gonzales Fontanari, Anna Martha Vaitses Costa, Angelo Brandelli Soll, Bianca Machado Borba Bristot, Giovana de Oliveira, Larissa Fagundes Kamphorst, Ana Maria Schneider, Maiko Abel Lobato, Maria Inês Rodrigues Trends Psychiatry Psychother Original Article INTRODUCTION: Gender dysphoria (GD) is characterized by a marked incongruence between experienced gender and one’s gender assigned at birth. Transsexual individuals present a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders when compared to non-transsexual populations, and it has been proposed that minority stress, i.e., discrimination or prejudice, has a relevant impact on these outcomes. Transsexuals also show increased chances of having experienced maltreatment during childhood. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are inflammatory cytokines that regulate our immune system. Imbalanced levels in such cytokines are linked to history of childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorders. We compared differences in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels and exposure to traumatic events in childhood and adulthood in individuals with and without GD (DSM-5). METHODS: Cross-sectional controlled study comparing 34 transsexual women and 31 non-transsexual men. They underwent a thorough structured interview, assessing sociodemographic information, mood and anxiety symptoms, childhood maltreatment, explicit discrimination and suicidal ideation. Inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) were measured by multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS: Individuals with GD experienced more discrimination (p = 0.002) and childhood maltreatment (p = 0.046) than non-transsexual men. Higher suicidal ideation (p < 0.001) and previous suicide attempt (p = 0.001) rates were observed in transsexual women. However, no differences were observed in the levels of any cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that transsexual women are more exposed to stressful events from childhood to adulthood than non-transsexual men and that GD per se does not play a role in inflammatory markers. Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul 2021-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7932037/ /pubmed/33681906 http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0007 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Real, André Gonzales Fontanari, Anna Martha Vaitses Costa, Angelo Brandelli Soll, Bianca Machado Borba Bristot, Giovana de Oliveira, Larissa Fagundes Kamphorst, Ana Maria Schneider, Maiko Abel Lobato, Maria Inês Rodrigues Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study |
title | Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study |
title_full | Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study |
title_fullStr | Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study |
title_full_unstemmed | Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study |
title_short | Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study |
title_sort | gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. a cross-sectional controlled study |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7932037/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33681906 http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0007 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT realandregonzales genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT fontanariannamarthavaitses genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT costaangelobrandelli genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT sollbiancamachadoborba genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT bristotgiovana genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT deoliveiralarissafagundes genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT kamphorstanamaria genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT schneidermaikoabel genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy AT lobatomariainesrodrigues genderdysphoriaprejudicefromchildhoodtoadulthoodbutnoimpactoninflammationacrosssectionalcontrolledstudy |