Identification of geographical origins of Panax notoginseng based on HPLC multi-wavelength fusion profiling combined with average linear quantitative fingerprint method

The aim of this study was to establish a method for geographical origins identification of Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) based on abundant chromatographic spectral information. Characteristic fingerprints of P. notoginseng extracts samples were generated by Multi-wavelength Fusion Profiling (MWFP) method based on the HPLC fingerprints established at three wavelengths of 203 nm, 270 nm and 325 nm. The samples grouping results calculated with the averagely linear quantified fingerprint method (ALQFM) and the unsupervised statistical methods based on fusion fingerprints matches with the geographical origins. The Multi-wavelength Fusion Profiling (MWFP) method has been successfully applied to identification of geographical origins of P. notoginseng and shows the advantages compared with single—channel fingerprints. In addition, eight physiologically active components, including four saponins, two flavones and two amino acids, were identified from the most relevant ingredients of P. notoginseng geographical origins by fusion fingerprint-efficacy relationship analysis. Besides the recognized active saponins, other categories of active ingredients such as flavonoids and amino acids should be paid attention to in the producing areas identification or the quality judgment of P. notoginseng.