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Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.

Commiphora leptophloeos (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil which is popularly used for treating oral and vaginal infections. There has been no scientific evidence pointing to its efficacy in the treatment of these infections. Thus, this study sought to investigate the cytotoxic, ant...

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Autores principales: Dantas-Medeiros, Renato, Zanatta, Ana Caroline, de Souza, Luanda Bárbara Ferreira Canário, Fernandes, Júlia Morais, Amorim-Carmo, Bruno, Torres-Rêgo, Manoela, Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas, Vilegas, Wagner, Araújo, Thiago Antǒnio de Sousa, Michel, Sylvie, Grougnet, Raphaël, Chaves, Guilherme Maranhão, Zucolotto, Silvana Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7937886/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33692765
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.613155
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author Dantas-Medeiros, Renato
Zanatta, Ana Caroline
de Souza, Luanda Bárbara Ferreira Canário
Fernandes, Júlia Morais
Amorim-Carmo, Bruno
Torres-Rêgo, Manoela
Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas
Vilegas, Wagner
Araújo, Thiago Antǒnio de Sousa
Michel, Sylvie
Grougnet, Raphaël
Chaves, Guilherme Maranhão
Zucolotto, Silvana Maria
author_facet Dantas-Medeiros, Renato
Zanatta, Ana Caroline
de Souza, Luanda Bárbara Ferreira Canário
Fernandes, Júlia Morais
Amorim-Carmo, Bruno
Torres-Rêgo, Manoela
Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas
Vilegas, Wagner
Araújo, Thiago Antǒnio de Sousa
Michel, Sylvie
Grougnet, Raphaël
Chaves, Guilherme Maranhão
Zucolotto, Silvana Maria
author_sort Dantas-Medeiros, Renato
collection PubMed
description Commiphora leptophloeos (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil which is popularly used for treating oral and vaginal infections. There has been no scientific evidence pointing to its efficacy in the treatment of these infections. Thus, this study sought to investigate the cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibiofilm activity of C. leptophloeos against Candida spp. and to isolate, identify, and quantify the content of B-type oligomeric procyanidins (BDP) in the extract of C. leptophloeos stem bark. The extract and the n-butanol fraction were obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analysis performed by HPLC-PDA/ELSD and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS allowed the identification and quantification of BDP in the samples. The application of centrifugal partition chromatography helped isolate BDP, which was identified by (1)H NMR and MS analyses. Candida spp. reference strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) derived from the blood cultures of candidemic patients and the vaginal secretion of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were used for evaluating the antifungal and antibiofilm effects. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the microdilution technique, and biofilm inhibition was evaluated through crystal violet and XTT assays. The combined action of BDP with fluconazole was determined by the checkerboard method. The extract, the n-butanol fraction, and the BDP exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 312.5 to 2500 μg/mL and were found to significantly reduce the biofilm formed in all the Candida strains investigated. BDP showed a fungicidal potential against strains of Candida spp. (especially against fluconazole-resistant strains), with MIC and MFC values ranging from 156.2 to 2500 μg/mL. In addition, the combined application of BDP and fluconazole produced synergistic antifungal effects against resistant Candida spp. (FICI = 0.31–1.5). The cytotoxic properties of the samples evaluated in human erythrocytes through hemolytic test did not show hemolytic activity under active concentrations. The findings of the study show that C. leptophloeos has antifungal and antibiofilm potential but does not cause toxicity in human erythrocytes. Finally, BDP, which was isolated for the first time in C. leptophloeos, was found to exhibit antifungal effect against Candida spp. either when applied alone or in combination with fluconazole.
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spelling pubmed-79378862021-03-09 Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp. Dantas-Medeiros, Renato Zanatta, Ana Caroline de Souza, Luanda Bárbara Ferreira Canário Fernandes, Júlia Morais Amorim-Carmo, Bruno Torres-Rêgo, Manoela Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas Vilegas, Wagner Araújo, Thiago Antǒnio de Sousa Michel, Sylvie Grougnet, Raphaël Chaves, Guilherme Maranhão Zucolotto, Silvana Maria Front Microbiol Microbiology Commiphora leptophloeos (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil which is popularly used for treating oral and vaginal infections. There has been no scientific evidence pointing to its efficacy in the treatment of these infections. Thus, this study sought to investigate the cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibiofilm activity of C. leptophloeos against Candida spp. and to isolate, identify, and quantify the content of B-type oligomeric procyanidins (BDP) in the extract of C. leptophloeos stem bark. The extract and the n-butanol fraction were obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analysis performed by HPLC-PDA/ELSD and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS allowed the identification and quantification of BDP in the samples. The application of centrifugal partition chromatography helped isolate BDP, which was identified by (1)H NMR and MS analyses. Candida spp. reference strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) derived from the blood cultures of candidemic patients and the vaginal secretion of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were used for evaluating the antifungal and antibiofilm effects. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the microdilution technique, and biofilm inhibition was evaluated through crystal violet and XTT assays. The combined action of BDP with fluconazole was determined by the checkerboard method. The extract, the n-butanol fraction, and the BDP exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 312.5 to 2500 μg/mL and were found to significantly reduce the biofilm formed in all the Candida strains investigated. BDP showed a fungicidal potential against strains of Candida spp. (especially against fluconazole-resistant strains), with MIC and MFC values ranging from 156.2 to 2500 μg/mL. In addition, the combined application of BDP and fluconazole produced synergistic antifungal effects against resistant Candida spp. (FICI = 0.31–1.5). The cytotoxic properties of the samples evaluated in human erythrocytes through hemolytic test did not show hemolytic activity under active concentrations. The findings of the study show that C. leptophloeos has antifungal and antibiofilm potential but does not cause toxicity in human erythrocytes. Finally, BDP, which was isolated for the first time in C. leptophloeos, was found to exhibit antifungal effect against Candida spp. either when applied alone or in combination with fluconazole. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7937886/ /pubmed/33692765 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.613155 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dantas-Medeiros, Zanatta, de Souza, Fernandes, Amorim-Carmo, Torres-Rêgo, Fernandes-Pedrosa, Vilegas, Araújo, Michel, Grougnet, Chaves and Zucolotto. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Dantas-Medeiros, Renato
Zanatta, Ana Caroline
de Souza, Luanda Bárbara Ferreira Canário
Fernandes, Júlia Morais
Amorim-Carmo, Bruno
Torres-Rêgo, Manoela
Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas
Vilegas, Wagner
Araújo, Thiago Antǒnio de Sousa
Michel, Sylvie
Grougnet, Raphaël
Chaves, Guilherme Maranhão
Zucolotto, Silvana Maria
Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.
title Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.
title_full Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.
title_fullStr Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.
title_full_unstemmed Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.
title_short Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.
title_sort antifungal and antibiofilm activities of b-type oligomeric procyanidins from commiphora leptophloeos used alone or in combination with fluconazole against candida spp.
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7937886/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33692765
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.613155
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