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Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime in the aqueous humor of macaque eyes filled with silicone oil in the vitreous cavity. METHODS: Intravitreal vancomycin (1 mg/0.1 mL) and ceftazidime (2 mg/0.1 mL) were injected into four normal macaque eyes...

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Autores principales: Imamura, Taku, Kakinoki, Masashi, Hira, Daiki, Kitagawa, Tomoya, Ueshima, Satoshi, Kakumoto, Mikio, Terada, Tomohiro, Kawamoto, Ikuo, Murase, Mitsuru, Ohji, Masahito
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7938004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34003935
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.1
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author Imamura, Taku
Kakinoki, Masashi
Hira, Daiki
Kitagawa, Tomoya
Ueshima, Satoshi
Kakumoto, Mikio
Terada, Tomohiro
Kawamoto, Ikuo
Murase, Mitsuru
Ohji, Masahito
author_facet Imamura, Taku
Kakinoki, Masashi
Hira, Daiki
Kitagawa, Tomoya
Ueshima, Satoshi
Kakumoto, Mikio
Terada, Tomohiro
Kawamoto, Ikuo
Murase, Mitsuru
Ohji, Masahito
author_sort Imamura, Taku
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime in the aqueous humor of macaque eyes filled with silicone oil in the vitreous cavity. METHODS: Intravitreal vancomycin (1 mg/0.1 mL) and ceftazidime (2 mg/0.1 mL) were injected into four normal macaque eyes, four vitrectomized aphakic macaque eyes, and four previously vitrectomized aphakic macaque eyes filled with silicone oil (silicone oil-filled eyes). Aqueous humor samples (0.1 mL) were obtained just before injection and at 2 and 5 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after injection. In each group, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) measurements and electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were obtained before injection and after 1 month. RESULTS: The half-lives of vancomycin in the aqueous humor of normal, vitrectomized, and silicone oil-filled eyes were 29.4, 21.1, and 6.8 hours, respectively, and those of ceftazidime were 20.4, 5.2, and 3.1 hours, respectively. The maximum vancomycin aqueous humor concentrations of normal, vitrectomized, and silicone oil-filled eyes were 151.4, 205.6, and 543.5 µg/mL, respectively, and the maximum ceftazidime aqueous humor concentrations are 64.6, 260.0, and 1176.3 µg/mL, respectively. There was no change in ECD, and ERG was not declined after intravitreal injection in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The half-lives of vancomycin and ceftazidime in the aqueous humor were shorter in silicone oil-filled eyes than in normal and vitrectomized eyes. High antibiotic concentrations in silicone oil-filled eyes seemed to be well tolerated. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study aids in estimating how often an antibiotic should be intravitreally injected for endophthalmitis of silicone oil-filled eyes.
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spelling pubmed-79380042021-03-11 Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes Imamura, Taku Kakinoki, Masashi Hira, Daiki Kitagawa, Tomoya Ueshima, Satoshi Kakumoto, Mikio Terada, Tomohiro Kawamoto, Ikuo Murase, Mitsuru Ohji, Masahito Transl Vis Sci Technol Article PURPOSE: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime in the aqueous humor of macaque eyes filled with silicone oil in the vitreous cavity. METHODS: Intravitreal vancomycin (1 mg/0.1 mL) and ceftazidime (2 mg/0.1 mL) were injected into four normal macaque eyes, four vitrectomized aphakic macaque eyes, and four previously vitrectomized aphakic macaque eyes filled with silicone oil (silicone oil-filled eyes). Aqueous humor samples (0.1 mL) were obtained just before injection and at 2 and 5 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after injection. In each group, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) measurements and electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were obtained before injection and after 1 month. RESULTS: The half-lives of vancomycin in the aqueous humor of normal, vitrectomized, and silicone oil-filled eyes were 29.4, 21.1, and 6.8 hours, respectively, and those of ceftazidime were 20.4, 5.2, and 3.1 hours, respectively. The maximum vancomycin aqueous humor concentrations of normal, vitrectomized, and silicone oil-filled eyes were 151.4, 205.6, and 543.5 µg/mL, respectively, and the maximum ceftazidime aqueous humor concentrations are 64.6, 260.0, and 1176.3 µg/mL, respectively. There was no change in ECD, and ERG was not declined after intravitreal injection in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The half-lives of vancomycin and ceftazidime in the aqueous humor were shorter in silicone oil-filled eyes than in normal and vitrectomized eyes. High antibiotic concentrations in silicone oil-filled eyes seemed to be well tolerated. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study aids in estimating how often an antibiotic should be intravitreally injected for endophthalmitis of silicone oil-filled eyes. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2021-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7938004/ /pubmed/34003935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.1 Text en Copyright 2021 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Article
Imamura, Taku
Kakinoki, Masashi
Hira, Daiki
Kitagawa, Tomoya
Ueshima, Satoshi
Kakumoto, Mikio
Terada, Tomohiro
Kawamoto, Ikuo
Murase, Mitsuru
Ohji, Masahito
Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes
title Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes
title_full Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes
title_fullStr Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes
title_short Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin and Ceftazidime in Silicone Oil-Filled Macaque Eyes
title_sort pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime in silicone oil-filled macaque eyes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7938004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34003935
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.1
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