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The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing
From measurements of wavefront aberrations in 16 emmetropic eyes, we calculated where objects in the world create best-focused images across the central 27 [Formula: see text] (diameter) of the retina. This is the retinal conjugate surface. We calculated how the surface changes as the eye accommodat...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7938023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33661280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.3.8 |
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author | Gibaldi, Agostino Labhishetty, Vivek Thibos, Larry N. Banks, Martin S. |
author_facet | Gibaldi, Agostino Labhishetty, Vivek Thibos, Larry N. Banks, Martin S. |
author_sort | Gibaldi, Agostino |
collection | PubMed |
description | From measurements of wavefront aberrations in 16 emmetropic eyes, we calculated where objects in the world create best-focused images across the central 27 [Formula: see text] (diameter) of the retina. This is the retinal conjugate surface. We calculated how the surface changes as the eye accommodates from near to far and found that it mostly maintains its shape. The conjugate surface is pitched top-back, meaning that the upper visual field is relatively hyperopic compared to the lower field. We extended the measurements of best image quality into the binocular domain by considering how the retinal conjugate surfaces for the two eyes overlap in binocular viewing. We call this binocular extension the blur horopter. We show that in combining the two images with possibly different sharpness, the visual system creates a larger depth of field of apparently sharp images than occurs with monocular viewing. We examined similarities between the blur horopter and its analog in binocular vision: the binocular horopter. We compared these horopters to the statistics of the natural visual environment. The binocular horopter and scene statistics are strikingly similar. The blur horopter and natural statistics are qualitatively, but not quantitatively, similar. Finally, we used the measurements to refine what is commonly referred to as the zone of clear single binocular vision. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7938023 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79380232021-03-12 The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing Gibaldi, Agostino Labhishetty, Vivek Thibos, Larry N. Banks, Martin S. J Vis Article From measurements of wavefront aberrations in 16 emmetropic eyes, we calculated where objects in the world create best-focused images across the central 27 [Formula: see text] (diameter) of the retina. This is the retinal conjugate surface. We calculated how the surface changes as the eye accommodates from near to far and found that it mostly maintains its shape. The conjugate surface is pitched top-back, meaning that the upper visual field is relatively hyperopic compared to the lower field. We extended the measurements of best image quality into the binocular domain by considering how the retinal conjugate surfaces for the two eyes overlap in binocular viewing. We call this binocular extension the blur horopter. We show that in combining the two images with possibly different sharpness, the visual system creates a larger depth of field of apparently sharp images than occurs with monocular viewing. We examined similarities between the blur horopter and its analog in binocular vision: the binocular horopter. We compared these horopters to the statistics of the natural visual environment. The binocular horopter and scene statistics are strikingly similar. The blur horopter and natural statistics are qualitatively, but not quantitatively, similar. Finally, we used the measurements to refine what is commonly referred to as the zone of clear single binocular vision. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2021-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7938023/ /pubmed/33661280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.3.8 Text en Copyright 2021 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Gibaldi, Agostino Labhishetty, Vivek Thibos, Larry N. Banks, Martin S. The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
title | The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
title_full | The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
title_fullStr | The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
title_full_unstemmed | The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
title_short | The blur horopter: Retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
title_sort | blur horopter: retinal conjugate surface in binocular viewing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7938023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33661280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.3.8 |
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