Therapy‐related chronic myeloid leukemia in a patient receiving peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

BACKGROUND: Therapy‐related leukemia is a well‐recognized clinical syndrome. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a modern therapeutic approach using radionuclide combined with somatostatin analog peptide for inoperable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. AIMS: Hematologic toxicities including late‐onset myeloid neoplasms have been reported after PRRT; however, therapy‐related chronic myeloid leukemia (TR‐CML) following PRRT is a relatively rare entity. METHODS: We present a 64‐year‐old male who received PRRT for pancreas neuroendocrine tumor and then developed TR‐CML 60 months after the initiation of PRRT. The patient responded well to imatinib therapy. RESULTS: Patients with TR‐CML generally have similar tyrosine kinase inhibitor responses and outcomes when compared to de novo cases. CONCLUSIONS: The physicians should be aware of the short‐ and long‐term hematologic toxicities of PRRT including TR‐CML, and careful monitoring is mandatory in this group of patients.