Severe extensive community acquired aspergillus infection in a full‐term infant accompanied with increases in white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein: a case report

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus infection is more common among premature infants in neonatal intensive care units, who have decreased qualitative immune defenses and need various invasive treatment procedures. It is rare in normal full-term neonates, especially in newborn babies from the community. Moreover, the white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level may be normal or slightly changed in fungal infections, but the neonate reported in this study had significant increases in WBC and CRP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a full-term neonate from the community with aspergillus infection accompanied by significant increases in WBC and CRP levels. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-day-old infant, who received empirical antibiotic treatment for 10 days because of neonatal pneumonia, was referred to our neonatal department from the local hospital. The infant had persistent infection and multiple organ failure syndromes. Bronchoscopy and deep sputum smear were performed to identify the pathogen, which confirmed aspergillus infection in the sputum. Fluconazole was immediately administered, but the baby died after three days. Thereafter, an autopsy was performed with parental consent. There were multiple necrotic areas in the lungs and liver, and pathological examination revealed aspergillus. CONCLUSIONS: The present case emphasized that community-sourced aspergillus infection can exist in full-term neonates, with significantly increased WBC count and CRP level. Advanced antibiotics were not effective in this case, and fungal infections should have been considered earlier.