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COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies
COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) differ among ethnicities, stimulating efforts to pinpoint genetic factors that could explain these phenomena. In this regard, the multiallelic apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has recently been interrogated in the UK biobank cohort, demonstrating associat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7943392/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33730676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101938 |
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author | Gkouskou, Kalliopi Vasilogiannakopoulou, Theodora Andreakos, Evangelos Davanos, Nikolaos Gazouli, Maria Sanoudou, Despina Eliopoulos, Aristides G. |
author_facet | Gkouskou, Kalliopi Vasilogiannakopoulou, Theodora Andreakos, Evangelos Davanos, Nikolaos Gazouli, Maria Sanoudou, Despina Eliopoulos, Aristides G. |
author_sort | Gkouskou, Kalliopi |
collection | PubMed |
description | COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) differ among ethnicities, stimulating efforts to pinpoint genetic factors that could explain these phenomena. In this regard, the multiallelic apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has recently been interrogated in the UK biobank cohort, demonstrating associations of the APOE ε4/ε4 genotype with COVID-19 severity and mortality. The frequency of the ε4 allele and thus the distribution of APOE ε4/ε4 genotype may differ among populations. We have assessed APOE genotypes in 1638 Greek individuals, based on haplotypes derived from SNP rs7412 and rs429358 and found reduced frequency of ε4/ε4 compared to the British cohort. Herein we discuss this finding in relation to CFR and hypothesize on the potential mechanisms linking APOE ε4/ε4 to severe COVID-19. We postulate that the metabolic deregulation ensued by APOE4, manifested by elevated cholesterol and oxidized lipoprotein levels, may be central to heightened pneumocyte susceptibility to infection and to exaggerated lung inflammation associated with the ε4/ε4 genotype. We also discuss putative dietary and pharmacological approaches for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in APOE ε4/ε4 individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7943392 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79433922021-03-11 COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies Gkouskou, Kalliopi Vasilogiannakopoulou, Theodora Andreakos, Evangelos Davanos, Nikolaos Gazouli, Maria Sanoudou, Despina Eliopoulos, Aristides G. Redox Biol Review Article COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) differ among ethnicities, stimulating efforts to pinpoint genetic factors that could explain these phenomena. In this regard, the multiallelic apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has recently been interrogated in the UK biobank cohort, demonstrating associations of the APOE ε4/ε4 genotype with COVID-19 severity and mortality. The frequency of the ε4 allele and thus the distribution of APOE ε4/ε4 genotype may differ among populations. We have assessed APOE genotypes in 1638 Greek individuals, based on haplotypes derived from SNP rs7412 and rs429358 and found reduced frequency of ε4/ε4 compared to the British cohort. Herein we discuss this finding in relation to CFR and hypothesize on the potential mechanisms linking APOE ε4/ε4 to severe COVID-19. We postulate that the metabolic deregulation ensued by APOE4, manifested by elevated cholesterol and oxidized lipoprotein levels, may be central to heightened pneumocyte susceptibility to infection and to exaggerated lung inflammation associated with the ε4/ε4 genotype. We also discuss putative dietary and pharmacological approaches for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in APOE ε4/ε4 individuals. Elsevier 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7943392/ /pubmed/33730676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101938 Text en © 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Article Gkouskou, Kalliopi Vasilogiannakopoulou, Theodora Andreakos, Evangelos Davanos, Nikolaos Gazouli, Maria Sanoudou, Despina Eliopoulos, Aristides G. COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies |
title | COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies |
title_full | COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies |
title_fullStr | COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies |
title_short | COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies |
title_sort | covid-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein e4-related pathologies |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7943392/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33730676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101938 |
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