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Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019
PURPOSE: To evaluate the time trend of axial length (AL) and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. METHODS: This was a 7-year observational study of 985 four-year-old and 1059 five-year-old children in Shanghai. AL, horizontal and vertical corneal curvature,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7943426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33184676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01637-5 |
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author | Li, Tao Wan, Ting Yao, Xiaoqian Qi, Huihong Chen, Xuefeng She, Man Hu, Qianqian Zhou, Xiaodong |
author_facet | Li, Tao Wan, Ting Yao, Xiaoqian Qi, Huihong Chen, Xuefeng She, Man Hu, Qianqian Zhou, Xiaodong |
author_sort | Li, Tao |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To evaluate the time trend of axial length (AL) and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. METHODS: This was a 7-year observational study of 985 four-year-old and 1059 five-year-old children in Shanghai. AL, horizontal and vertical corneal curvature, spherical equivalent (SE), and body height and weight were measured. Furthermore, a questionnaire was collected, including time outdoors and bad eyesight habits. RESULTS: In 4-year-old children, no significant difference was found in AL (P = 0.526), but significant differences were observed in SE (P = 0.001), horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.006), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.004), height (P < 0.001), and weight (P = 0.022) from 2013 to 2019. In 5-year-old children, no significant differences were found in AL (P = 0.304), SE (P = 0.200), or weight (P = 0.292), but significant differences were observed in horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.040), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.015), and height (P < 0.001) from 2013 to 2019. Multivariate analyses revealed that AL was mainly significantly associated with boys and time outdoors in the 4- and 5-year-old children. CONCLUSIONS: The AL of 4- and 5-year-old children remained relatively stable in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship between AL elongation and environmental risk factors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7943426 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79434262021-03-28 Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 Li, Tao Wan, Ting Yao, Xiaoqian Qi, Huihong Chen, Xuefeng She, Man Hu, Qianqian Zhou, Xiaodong Int Ophthalmol Original Paper PURPOSE: To evaluate the time trend of axial length (AL) and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. METHODS: This was a 7-year observational study of 985 four-year-old and 1059 five-year-old children in Shanghai. AL, horizontal and vertical corneal curvature, spherical equivalent (SE), and body height and weight were measured. Furthermore, a questionnaire was collected, including time outdoors and bad eyesight habits. RESULTS: In 4-year-old children, no significant difference was found in AL (P = 0.526), but significant differences were observed in SE (P = 0.001), horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.006), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.004), height (P < 0.001), and weight (P = 0.022) from 2013 to 2019. In 5-year-old children, no significant differences were found in AL (P = 0.304), SE (P = 0.200), or weight (P = 0.292), but significant differences were observed in horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.040), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.015), and height (P < 0.001) from 2013 to 2019. Multivariate analyses revealed that AL was mainly significantly associated with boys and time outdoors in the 4- and 5-year-old children. CONCLUSIONS: The AL of 4- and 5-year-old children remained relatively stable in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship between AL elongation and environmental risk factors. Springer Netherlands 2020-11-12 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7943426/ /pubmed/33184676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01637-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Li, Tao Wan, Ting Yao, Xiaoqian Qi, Huihong Chen, Xuefeng She, Man Hu, Qianqian Zhou, Xiaodong Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
title | Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
title_full | Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
title_fullStr | Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed | Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
title_short | Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
title_sort | time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in shanghai from 2013 to 2019 |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7943426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33184676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01637-5 |
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