Cargando…
Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7944632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33691678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01458-7 |
_version_ | 1783662711138156544 |
---|---|
author | Zhao, Ziyi Zheng, Leilei Huang, Xiaoya Li, Caiyu Liu, Jing Hu, Yun |
author_facet | Zhao, Ziyi Zheng, Leilei Huang, Xiaoya Li, Caiyu Liu, Jing Hu, Yun |
author_sort | Zhao, Ziyi |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years of age with maxillofacial deformities due to mouth breathing. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. The included indicators were SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SN-PP, PP-MP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1. NA, 1. NB, 1-NB, Overjet, Overbite, SPAS, PAS, and C3-H. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. RESULTS: Following full-text evaluations for eligibility, 10 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. In Sagittal direction, SNA (MD: − 1.63, P < 0.0001), SNB (MD: − 1.96, P < 0.0001) in mouth-breathing children was lower than that in nasal-breathing children. ANB (MD: 0.90, P < 0.0001), 1. NA (MD: 1.96, P = 0.009), 1-NA (MD: 0.66, P = 0.004), and 1-NB (MD: 1.03, P < 0.0001) showed higher values in children with mouth breathing. In vertical direction, SN-PP (MD: 0.68, P = 0.0050), SN-OP (MD: 3.05, P < 0.0001), PP-MP (MD: 4.92, P < 0.0001) and SNGoGn (MD: 4.10, P < 0.0001) were higher in mouth-breathing individuals. In airway, SPAS (MD: − 3.48, P = 0.0009), PAS (MD: − 2.11, P < 0.0001), and C3-H (MD: − 1.34, P < 0.0001) were lower in mouth breathing group. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was common in mouth-breathing children. Trial registration crd-register@york.ac.uk, registration number CRD42019129198. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01458-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7944632 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79446322021-03-10 Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Zhao, Ziyi Zheng, Leilei Huang, Xiaoya Li, Caiyu Liu, Jing Hu, Yun BMC Oral Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years of age with maxillofacial deformities due to mouth breathing. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. The included indicators were SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SN-PP, PP-MP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1. NA, 1. NB, 1-NB, Overjet, Overbite, SPAS, PAS, and C3-H. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. RESULTS: Following full-text evaluations for eligibility, 10 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. In Sagittal direction, SNA (MD: − 1.63, P < 0.0001), SNB (MD: − 1.96, P < 0.0001) in mouth-breathing children was lower than that in nasal-breathing children. ANB (MD: 0.90, P < 0.0001), 1. NA (MD: 1.96, P = 0.009), 1-NA (MD: 0.66, P = 0.004), and 1-NB (MD: 1.03, P < 0.0001) showed higher values in children with mouth breathing. In vertical direction, SN-PP (MD: 0.68, P = 0.0050), SN-OP (MD: 3.05, P < 0.0001), PP-MP (MD: 4.92, P < 0.0001) and SNGoGn (MD: 4.10, P < 0.0001) were higher in mouth-breathing individuals. In airway, SPAS (MD: − 3.48, P = 0.0009), PAS (MD: − 2.11, P < 0.0001), and C3-H (MD: − 1.34, P < 0.0001) were lower in mouth breathing group. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was common in mouth-breathing children. Trial registration crd-register@york.ac.uk, registration number CRD42019129198. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01458-7. BioMed Central 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7944632/ /pubmed/33691678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01458-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhao, Ziyi Zheng, Leilei Huang, Xiaoya Li, Caiyu Liu, Jing Hu, Yun Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title | Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full | Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr | Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short | Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort | effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7944632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33691678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01458-7 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaoziyi effectsofmouthbreathingonfacialskeletaldevelopmentinchildrenasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT zhengleilei effectsofmouthbreathingonfacialskeletaldevelopmentinchildrenasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT huangxiaoya effectsofmouthbreathingonfacialskeletaldevelopmentinchildrenasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT licaiyu effectsofmouthbreathingonfacialskeletaldevelopmentinchildrenasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT liujing effectsofmouthbreathingonfacialskeletaldevelopmentinchildrenasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT huyun effectsofmouthbreathingonfacialskeletaldevelopmentinchildrenasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |