Factors Influencing the Live Birth Rate Following Fresh Embryo Transfer Cycles in Infertile Women After Endometrioma Cystectomy

Background: Reproductive outcomes after fresh in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection–embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI–ET) cycles are diverse in infertile women with a history of ovarian cystectomy for endometriomas. We aimed to develop a logistic regression model based on patients' characteristics including number of embryos transferred and stimulation protocols to predict the live birth rate in fresh IVF/ICSI–ET cycles for such patients. Methods: We recruited 513 infertile women with a history of ovarian cystectomy for endometriomas who underwent their first fresh ET with different stimulation protocols following IVF/ICSI cycles in our unit from January 2014 to December 2018. One or two embryo are implanted. Clinical and laboratory parameters potentially affecting the live birth rate following fresh ET cycles were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the relationship between predictive factors and live birth rate. Results: The overall live birth rate was 240/513 (46.8%). Multivariable modified Poisson regression models showed that two factors were significantly lowers the probability of live birth: female age ≥ 5 years (aOR 0.603; 95% CI 0.389–0.933; P = 0.023); BMI range 21–24.99 kg/m(2) compared with BMI <21 kg/m(2) (aOR 0.572; 95% CI 0.372–0.881, P = 0.011). And two factors significantly increased the probability of live birth: AFC >7 (aOR 1.591; 95% CI 1.075–2.353; P = 0.020); two embryos transferred (aOR 1.607; 95% CI 1.089–2.372; P = 0.017). Conclusions: For these infertile women who had undergone ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis, female age <35 years, AFC > 7, and two embryos transferred might achieve better clinical fresh IVF/ICSI–ET outcomes. BMI <21 kg/m(2) or ≥25 kg/m(2) might also have positive effects on the live birth rate, but different ovarian stimulation protocols had no significant effects. However, a larger sample size may be needed for further study.