LncRNA DIO3OS regulated by TGF-β1 and resveratrol enhances epithelial mesenchymal transition of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells and proliferation of prostate stromal cells

BACKGROUND: The etiopathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is extremely complicated which involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epithelial cells and growth of stromal cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a group of noncoding RNAs which has been widely studied in other diseases but rarely in BPH. Here, we intend to investigate the roles of a lncRNA DIO3 opposite strand (DIO3OS) in BPH progression. METHODS: BPH-1 cells were used to study EMT and WPMY-1 cells were applied to study proliferation induced by TGF-β1, resveratrol, DIO3OS and miRNAs. RESULTS: DIO3OS was over-expressed in BPH tissues and could be upregulated by Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and downregulated by resveratrol. Smad2/Smad3/Smad4 complex could bind to the DIO3OS promotor region and thereby enhanced its transcription which was responsible for the regulation of TGF-β1 and resveratrol on DIO3OS expression. TGF-β1 promoted BPH-1 cells EMT and WPMY-1 cells proliferation via DIO3OS and this effect could be blocked by resveratrol. MiR-656-3p and miR-485-5p were targets of DIO3OS and DIO3OS promoted BPH-1 cells EMT and WPMY-1 cells proliferation via miR-656-3p and miR-485-5p. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and zinc finger e-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were confirmed to be targets of both miR-656-3p and miR-485-5p and could be modulated by TGF-β1, resveratrol, DIO3OS, miR-656-3p and miR-485-5p. CONCLUSIONS: DIO3OS is highly expressed in BPH tissues and regulated by TGF-β1 as well as resveratrol in a Smads dependent manner. DIO3OS facilitates BPH-1 cells EMT and WPMY-1 cells proliferation by upregulating CTGF and ZEB1 via miR-656-3p and miR-485-5p.