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Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) refers to a microbial mediated process based upon an enzymatic “Nitrogenase” conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N(2)) into ammonium readily absorbable by roots. N(2)-fixing microorganisms collectively termed as “diazotrophs” are able to fix biologically N(2) in as...

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Autores principales: Aasfar, Abderrahim, Bargaz, Adnane, Yaakoubi, Kaoutar, Hilali, Abderraouf, Bennis, Iman, Zeroual, Youssef, Meftah Kadmiri, Issam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7947814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717018
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628379
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author Aasfar, Abderrahim
Bargaz, Adnane
Yaakoubi, Kaoutar
Hilali, Abderraouf
Bennis, Iman
Zeroual, Youssef
Meftah Kadmiri, Issam
author_facet Aasfar, Abderrahim
Bargaz, Adnane
Yaakoubi, Kaoutar
Hilali, Abderraouf
Bennis, Iman
Zeroual, Youssef
Meftah Kadmiri, Issam
author_sort Aasfar, Abderrahim
collection PubMed
description Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) refers to a microbial mediated process based upon an enzymatic “Nitrogenase” conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N(2)) into ammonium readily absorbable by roots. N(2)-fixing microorganisms collectively termed as “diazotrophs” are able to fix biologically N(2) in association with plant roots. Specifically, the symbiotic rhizobacteria induce structural and physiological modifications of bacterial cells and plant roots into specialized structures called nodules. Other N(2)-fixing bacteria are free-living fixers that are highly diverse and globally widespread in cropland. They represent key natural source of nitrogen (N) in natural and agricultural ecosystems lacking symbiotic N fixation (SNF). In this review, the importance of Azotobacter species was highlighted as both important free-living N(2)-fixing bacteria and potential bacterial biofertilizer with proven efficacy for plant nutrition and biological soil fertility. In addition, we described Azotobacter beneficial plant promoting traits (e.g., nutrient use efficiency, protection against phytopathogens, phytohormone biosynthesis, etc.). We shed light also on the agronomic features of Azotobacter that are likely an effective component of integrated plant nutrition strategy, which contributes positively to sustainable agricultural production. We pointed out Azotobacter based-biofertilizers, which possess unique characteristics such as cyst formation conferring resistance to environmental stresses. Such beneficial traits can be explored profoundly for the utmost aim to research and develop specific formulations based on inoculant Azotobacter cysts. Furthermore, Azotobacter species still need to be wisely exploited in order to address specific agricultural challenges (e.g., nutrient deficiencies, biotic and abiotic constraints) taking into consideration several variables including their biological functions, synergies and multi-trophic interactions, and biogeography and abundance distribution.
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spelling pubmed-79478142021-03-12 Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability Aasfar, Abderrahim Bargaz, Adnane Yaakoubi, Kaoutar Hilali, Abderraouf Bennis, Iman Zeroual, Youssef Meftah Kadmiri, Issam Front Microbiol Microbiology Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) refers to a microbial mediated process based upon an enzymatic “Nitrogenase” conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N(2)) into ammonium readily absorbable by roots. N(2)-fixing microorganisms collectively termed as “diazotrophs” are able to fix biologically N(2) in association with plant roots. Specifically, the symbiotic rhizobacteria induce structural and physiological modifications of bacterial cells and plant roots into specialized structures called nodules. Other N(2)-fixing bacteria are free-living fixers that are highly diverse and globally widespread in cropland. They represent key natural source of nitrogen (N) in natural and agricultural ecosystems lacking symbiotic N fixation (SNF). In this review, the importance of Azotobacter species was highlighted as both important free-living N(2)-fixing bacteria and potential bacterial biofertilizer with proven efficacy for plant nutrition and biological soil fertility. In addition, we described Azotobacter beneficial plant promoting traits (e.g., nutrient use efficiency, protection against phytopathogens, phytohormone biosynthesis, etc.). We shed light also on the agronomic features of Azotobacter that are likely an effective component of integrated plant nutrition strategy, which contributes positively to sustainable agricultural production. We pointed out Azotobacter based-biofertilizers, which possess unique characteristics such as cyst formation conferring resistance to environmental stresses. Such beneficial traits can be explored profoundly for the utmost aim to research and develop specific formulations based on inoculant Azotobacter cysts. Furthermore, Azotobacter species still need to be wisely exploited in order to address specific agricultural challenges (e.g., nutrient deficiencies, biotic and abiotic constraints) taking into consideration several variables including their biological functions, synergies and multi-trophic interactions, and biogeography and abundance distribution. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7947814/ /pubmed/33717018 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628379 Text en Copyright © 2021 Aasfar, Bargaz, Yaakoubi, Hilali, Bennis, Zeroual and Meftah Kadmiri. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Aasfar, Abderrahim
Bargaz, Adnane
Yaakoubi, Kaoutar
Hilali, Abderraouf
Bennis, Iman
Zeroual, Youssef
Meftah Kadmiri, Issam
Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability
title Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability
title_full Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability
title_fullStr Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability
title_short Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability
title_sort nitrogen fixing azotobacter species as potential soil biological enhancers for crop nutrition and yield stability
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7947814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33717018
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628379
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