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Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952090/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513090 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65041 |
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author | Vazquez, Juan M Lynch, Vincent J |
author_facet | Vazquez, Juan M Lynch, Vincent J |
author_sort | Vazquez, Juan M |
collection | PubMed |
description | The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their relatives (Proboscideans) are a particularly interesting lineage for the exploration of mechanisms underlying the evolution of augmented cancer resistance because they evolved large bodies recently within a clade of smaller-bodied species (Afrotherians). Here, we explore the contribution of gene duplication to body size and cancer risk in Afrotherians. Unexpectedly, we found that tumor suppressor duplication was pervasive in Afrotherian genomes, rather than restricted to Proboscideans. Proboscideans, however, have duplicates in unique pathways that may underlie some aspects of their remarkable anti-cancer cell biology. These data suggest that duplication of tumor suppressor genes facilitated the evolution of increased body size by compensating for decreasing intrinsic cancer risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7952090 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79520902021-03-12 Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk Vazquez, Juan M Lynch, Vincent J eLife Cancer Biology The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their relatives (Proboscideans) are a particularly interesting lineage for the exploration of mechanisms underlying the evolution of augmented cancer resistance because they evolved large bodies recently within a clade of smaller-bodied species (Afrotherians). Here, we explore the contribution of gene duplication to body size and cancer risk in Afrotherians. Unexpectedly, we found that tumor suppressor duplication was pervasive in Afrotherian genomes, rather than restricted to Proboscideans. Proboscideans, however, have duplicates in unique pathways that may underlie some aspects of their remarkable anti-cancer cell biology. These data suggest that duplication of tumor suppressor genes facilitated the evolution of increased body size by compensating for decreasing intrinsic cancer risk. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7952090/ /pubmed/33513090 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65041 Text en © 2021, Vazquez and Lynch http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Cancer Biology Vazquez, Juan M Lynch, Vincent J Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
title | Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
title_full | Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
title_fullStr | Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
title_full_unstemmed | Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
title_short | Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
title_sort | pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk |
topic | Cancer Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952090/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513090 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65041 |
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