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Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk

The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vazquez, Juan M, Lynch, Vincent J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952090/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513090
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65041
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author Vazquez, Juan M
Lynch, Vincent J
author_facet Vazquez, Juan M
Lynch, Vincent J
author_sort Vazquez, Juan M
collection PubMed
description The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their relatives (Proboscideans) are a particularly interesting lineage for the exploration of mechanisms underlying the evolution of augmented cancer resistance because they evolved large bodies recently within a clade of smaller-bodied species (Afrotherians). Here, we explore the contribution of gene duplication to body size and cancer risk in Afrotherians. Unexpectedly, we found that tumor suppressor duplication was pervasive in Afrotherian genomes, rather than restricted to Proboscideans. Proboscideans, however, have duplicates in unique pathways that may underlie some aspects of their remarkable anti-cancer cell biology. These data suggest that duplication of tumor suppressor genes facilitated the evolution of increased body size by compensating for decreasing intrinsic cancer risk.
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spelling pubmed-79520902021-03-12 Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk Vazquez, Juan M Lynch, Vincent J eLife Cancer Biology The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their relatives (Proboscideans) are a particularly interesting lineage for the exploration of mechanisms underlying the evolution of augmented cancer resistance because they evolved large bodies recently within a clade of smaller-bodied species (Afrotherians). Here, we explore the contribution of gene duplication to body size and cancer risk in Afrotherians. Unexpectedly, we found that tumor suppressor duplication was pervasive in Afrotherian genomes, rather than restricted to Proboscideans. Proboscideans, however, have duplicates in unique pathways that may underlie some aspects of their remarkable anti-cancer cell biology. These data suggest that duplication of tumor suppressor genes facilitated the evolution of increased body size by compensating for decreasing intrinsic cancer risk. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7952090/ /pubmed/33513090 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65041 Text en © 2021, Vazquez and Lynch http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cancer Biology
Vazquez, Juan M
Lynch, Vincent J
Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
title Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
title_full Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
title_fullStr Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
title_full_unstemmed Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
title_short Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
title_sort pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk
topic Cancer Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952090/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513090
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65041
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