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Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin

After more than four decades of post-approval, cisplatin is still an important treatment for numerous cancers. However, acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as significant impairment of renal filtration as discussed below, is the major limiting side effect of cisplatin, occurring in approximately 30%...

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Autores principales: Money, Mary Elizabeth, Hamroun, Aghiles, Shu, Yan, Matthews, Carolyn, Ahmed Eltayeb, Sara, Ciarimboli, Giuliano, Metz, Christine Noel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33718160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.607574
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author Money, Mary Elizabeth
Hamroun, Aghiles
Shu, Yan
Matthews, Carolyn
Ahmed Eltayeb, Sara
Ciarimboli, Giuliano
Metz, Christine Noel
author_facet Money, Mary Elizabeth
Hamroun, Aghiles
Shu, Yan
Matthews, Carolyn
Ahmed Eltayeb, Sara
Ciarimboli, Giuliano
Metz, Christine Noel
author_sort Money, Mary Elizabeth
collection PubMed
description After more than four decades of post-approval, cisplatin is still an important treatment for numerous cancers. However, acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as significant impairment of renal filtration as discussed below, is the major limiting side effect of cisplatin, occurring in approximately 30% of patients (25–33% after the first course). Cisplatin also damages the kidneys’ ability to reabsorb magnesium in 40–100% of patients, with collateral health risks due to subsequent hypomagnesemia. Multiple methods and drugs have been proposed for preventing cisplatin-induced AKI, including saline infusion with or without mannitol, which has not always prevented AKI and has been found to activate a cellular stress response in renal tubular cells. While numerous reports and trials, as well as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), support premedication with magnesium and hydration, this practice has not been universally accepted. Many clinics administer intravenous magnesium (IV) only after identification of hypomagnesemia post-cisplatin treatment, thus placing patients at risk for AKI and chronic renal loss of magnesium. We present the following case report and additional supporting evidence identifying the immediate effect of IV magnesium prior to intraperitoneal cisplatin for cycle 4 because of documented hypomagnesemia resulting in normalization of oliguria, which had been experienced for the first three cycles. The patient subsequently requested and received IV magnesium before cisplatin for the next two cycles with continuation of normal urinary output. The effect of pretreatment with IV magnesium on urine output following cisplatin has not been previously reported and further supports pre-cisplatin administration. In addition, two recent meta-analyses of clinical trials and pre-clinical research are reviewed that demonstrate effectiveness of magnesium pretreatment to preventing AKI without reducing its chemotherapeutic efficacy. This case report with additional evidence supports the adoption of administration of 1–3 g IV magnesium before cisplatin as best practice to prevent cisplatin induced AKI and hypomagnesemia regardless of patient baseline serum magnesium levels.
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spelling pubmed-79528622021-03-13 Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin Money, Mary Elizabeth Hamroun, Aghiles Shu, Yan Matthews, Carolyn Ahmed Eltayeb, Sara Ciarimboli, Giuliano Metz, Christine Noel Front Oncol Oncology After more than four decades of post-approval, cisplatin is still an important treatment for numerous cancers. However, acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as significant impairment of renal filtration as discussed below, is the major limiting side effect of cisplatin, occurring in approximately 30% of patients (25–33% after the first course). Cisplatin also damages the kidneys’ ability to reabsorb magnesium in 40–100% of patients, with collateral health risks due to subsequent hypomagnesemia. Multiple methods and drugs have been proposed for preventing cisplatin-induced AKI, including saline infusion with or without mannitol, which has not always prevented AKI and has been found to activate a cellular stress response in renal tubular cells. While numerous reports and trials, as well as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), support premedication with magnesium and hydration, this practice has not been universally accepted. Many clinics administer intravenous magnesium (IV) only after identification of hypomagnesemia post-cisplatin treatment, thus placing patients at risk for AKI and chronic renal loss of magnesium. We present the following case report and additional supporting evidence identifying the immediate effect of IV magnesium prior to intraperitoneal cisplatin for cycle 4 because of documented hypomagnesemia resulting in normalization of oliguria, which had been experienced for the first three cycles. The patient subsequently requested and received IV magnesium before cisplatin for the next two cycles with continuation of normal urinary output. The effect of pretreatment with IV magnesium on urine output following cisplatin has not been previously reported and further supports pre-cisplatin administration. In addition, two recent meta-analyses of clinical trials and pre-clinical research are reviewed that demonstrate effectiveness of magnesium pretreatment to preventing AKI without reducing its chemotherapeutic efficacy. This case report with additional evidence supports the adoption of administration of 1–3 g IV magnesium before cisplatin as best practice to prevent cisplatin induced AKI and hypomagnesemia regardless of patient baseline serum magnesium levels. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7952862/ /pubmed/33718160 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.607574 Text en Copyright © 2021 Money, Hamroun, Shu, Matthews, Ahmed Eltayeb, Ciarimboli and Metz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Money, Mary Elizabeth
Hamroun, Aghiles
Shu, Yan
Matthews, Carolyn
Ahmed Eltayeb, Sara
Ciarimboli, Giuliano
Metz, Christine Noel
Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin
title Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin
title_full Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin
title_fullStr Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin
title_full_unstemmed Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin
title_short Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin
title_sort case report and supporting documentation: acute kidney injury manifested as oliguria is reduced by intravenous magnesium before cisplatin
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7952862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33718160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.607574
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