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Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a critical neural hub for the regulation of a variety of motivated behaviors, integrating stress and reward information from environmental stimuli to guide discrete behaviors via several limbic projections. Neurons in the PVT are activated by acut...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7953143/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33716683 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.636203 |
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author | Rowson, Sydney A. Pleil, Kristen E. |
author_facet | Rowson, Sydney A. Pleil, Kristen E. |
author_sort | Rowson, Sydney A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a critical neural hub for the regulation of a variety of motivated behaviors, integrating stress and reward information from environmental stimuli to guide discrete behaviors via several limbic projections. Neurons in the PVT are activated by acute and chronic stressors, however several roles of the PVT in behavior modulation emerge only following repeated stress exposure, pointing to a role for hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis modulation of PVT function. Further, there may be a reciprocal relationship between the PVT and HPA axis in which chronic stress-induced recruitment of the PVT elicits an additional role for the PVT to regulate motivated behavior by modulating HPA physiology and thus the neuroendocrine response to stress itself. This complex interaction may make the PVT and its role in influencing motivated behavior particularly susceptible to chronic stress-induced plasticity in the PVT, especially in females who display increased susceptibility to stress-induced maladaptive behaviors associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. Though literature is describing the sex-specific effects of acute and chronic stress exposure on HPA axis activation and motivated behaviors, the impact of sex on the role of the PVT in modulating the behavioral and neuroendocrine response to stress is less well established. Here, we review what is currently known regarding the acute and chronic stress-induced activation and behavioral role of the PVT in male and female rodents. We further explore stress hormone and neuropeptide signaling mechanisms by which the HPA axis and PVT interact and discuss the implications for sex-dependent effects of chronic stress on the PVT’s role in motivated behaviors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7953143 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79531432021-03-13 Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior Rowson, Sydney A. Pleil, Kristen E. Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a critical neural hub for the regulation of a variety of motivated behaviors, integrating stress and reward information from environmental stimuli to guide discrete behaviors via several limbic projections. Neurons in the PVT are activated by acute and chronic stressors, however several roles of the PVT in behavior modulation emerge only following repeated stress exposure, pointing to a role for hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis modulation of PVT function. Further, there may be a reciprocal relationship between the PVT and HPA axis in which chronic stress-induced recruitment of the PVT elicits an additional role for the PVT to regulate motivated behavior by modulating HPA physiology and thus the neuroendocrine response to stress itself. This complex interaction may make the PVT and its role in influencing motivated behavior particularly susceptible to chronic stress-induced plasticity in the PVT, especially in females who display increased susceptibility to stress-induced maladaptive behaviors associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. Though literature is describing the sex-specific effects of acute and chronic stress exposure on HPA axis activation and motivated behaviors, the impact of sex on the role of the PVT in modulating the behavioral and neuroendocrine response to stress is less well established. Here, we review what is currently known regarding the acute and chronic stress-induced activation and behavioral role of the PVT in male and female rodents. We further explore stress hormone and neuropeptide signaling mechanisms by which the HPA axis and PVT interact and discuss the implications for sex-dependent effects of chronic stress on the PVT’s role in motivated behaviors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7953143/ /pubmed/33716683 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.636203 Text en Copyright © 2021 Rowson and Pleil. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Behavioral Neuroscience Rowson, Sydney A. Pleil, Kristen E. Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior |
title | Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior |
title_full | Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior |
title_fullStr | Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior |
title_full_unstemmed | Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior |
title_short | Influences of Stress and Sex on the Paraventricular Thalamus: Implications for Motivated Behavior |
title_sort | influences of stress and sex on the paraventricular thalamus: implications for motivated behavior |
topic | Behavioral Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7953143/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33716683 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.636203 |
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