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Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit
KEY MESSAGE: Macroscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular features—like a ball shape, the presence of starch granules, and the up-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis—distinguish PT regions within a callus. ABSTRACT: The modification of the mas...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7954764/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33544186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02661-0 |
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author | Czernicka, Małgorzata Chłosta, Iwona Kęska, Kinga Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata Abdullah, Mohib Popielarska-Konieczna, Marzena |
author_facet | Czernicka, Małgorzata Chłosta, Iwona Kęska, Kinga Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata Abdullah, Mohib Popielarska-Konieczna, Marzena |
author_sort | Czernicka, Małgorzata |
collection | PubMed |
description | KEY MESSAGE: Macroscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular features—like a ball shape, the presence of starch granules, and the up-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis—distinguish PT regions within a callus. ABSTRACT: The modification of the mass of pluripotent cells into de novo shoot bud regeneration is highly relevant to developmental biology and for agriculture and biotechnology. This study deals with protuberances (PT), structures that appear during the organogenic long-term culturing of callus (OC) in kiwifruit. These ball-shaped regions of callus might be considered the first morphological sign of the subsequent shoot bud development. Sections of PT show the regular arrangement of some cells, especially on the surface, in contrast to the regions of OC beyond the PT. The cells of OC possess chloroplasts; however, starch granules were observed only in PTs’ plastids. Transcriptomic data revealed unique gene expression for each kind of sample: OC, PT, and PT with visible shoot buds (PT–SH). Higher expression of the gene involved in lipid (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5 [GPAT5]), carbohydrate (granule-bound starch synthase 1 [GBSS1]), and secondary metabolite (beta-glucosidase 45 [BGL45]) pathways were detected in PT and could be proposed as the markers of these structures. The up-regulation of the regulatory associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR1) was found in PT–SH. The highest expression of the actinidain gene in leaves from two-year-old regenerated plants suggests that the synthesis of this protein takes place in fully developed organs. The findings indicate that PT and PT–SH are specific structures within OC but have more features in common with callus tissue than with organs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00299-021-02661-0. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7954764 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79547642021-03-28 Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit Czernicka, Małgorzata Chłosta, Iwona Kęska, Kinga Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata Abdullah, Mohib Popielarska-Konieczna, Marzena Plant Cell Rep Original Article KEY MESSAGE: Macroscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular features—like a ball shape, the presence of starch granules, and the up-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis—distinguish PT regions within a callus. ABSTRACT: The modification of the mass of pluripotent cells into de novo shoot bud regeneration is highly relevant to developmental biology and for agriculture and biotechnology. This study deals with protuberances (PT), structures that appear during the organogenic long-term culturing of callus (OC) in kiwifruit. These ball-shaped regions of callus might be considered the first morphological sign of the subsequent shoot bud development. Sections of PT show the regular arrangement of some cells, especially on the surface, in contrast to the regions of OC beyond the PT. The cells of OC possess chloroplasts; however, starch granules were observed only in PTs’ plastids. Transcriptomic data revealed unique gene expression for each kind of sample: OC, PT, and PT with visible shoot buds (PT–SH). Higher expression of the gene involved in lipid (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5 [GPAT5]), carbohydrate (granule-bound starch synthase 1 [GBSS1]), and secondary metabolite (beta-glucosidase 45 [BGL45]) pathways were detected in PT and could be proposed as the markers of these structures. The up-regulation of the regulatory associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR1) was found in PT–SH. The highest expression of the actinidain gene in leaves from two-year-old regenerated plants suggests that the synthesis of this protein takes place in fully developed organs. The findings indicate that PT and PT–SH are specific structures within OC but have more features in common with callus tissue than with organs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00299-021-02661-0. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-02-05 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7954764/ /pubmed/33544186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02661-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Czernicka, Małgorzata Chłosta, Iwona Kęska, Kinga Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata Abdullah, Mohib Popielarska-Konieczna, Marzena Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
title | Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
title_full | Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
title_fullStr | Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
title_full_unstemmed | Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
title_short | Protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
title_sort | protuberances are organized distinct regions of long-term callus: histological and transcriptomic analyses in kiwifruit |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7954764/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33544186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02661-0 |
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