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Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children globally. Although prior studies have shown their adverse impacts on macrovascular health, less is known about their effects on microvascular heath. This study aims to evaluate the independent and syn...

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Autores principales: Ho, Agnes, Cheung, Carol Y., Wong, Jason S., Zhang, Yuzhou, Tang, Fang Yao, Kam, Ka Wai, Young, Alvin L., Chen, Li Jia, Ip, Patrick, Wong, Tien Y., Pang, Chi Pui, Tham, Clement C., Yam, Jason C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7955451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33496185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018485
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author Ho, Agnes
Cheung, Carol Y.
Wong, Jason S.
Zhang, Yuzhou
Tang, Fang Yao
Kam, Ka Wai
Young, Alvin L.
Chen, Li Jia
Ip, Patrick
Wong, Tien Y.
Pang, Chi Pui
Tham, Clement C.
Yam, Jason C.
author_facet Ho, Agnes
Cheung, Carol Y.
Wong, Jason S.
Zhang, Yuzhou
Tang, Fang Yao
Kam, Ka Wai
Young, Alvin L.
Chen, Li Jia
Ip, Patrick
Wong, Tien Y.
Pang, Chi Pui
Tham, Clement C.
Yam, Jason C.
author_sort Ho, Agnes
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children globally. Although prior studies have shown their adverse impacts on macrovascular health, less is known about their effects on microvascular heath. This study aims to evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of hypertensive BP and obesity on retinal vasculature in young children. METHOD AND RESULTS: 1006 children aged 6 to 8 years were recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Quantitative retinal vascular parameters, including central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents and retinal arteriolar and venular fractal dimensions, were measured from retinal photographs following a standardized protocol. BP and body mass index were categorized according to reference values from American Academy of Pediatrics and International Obesity Task Force guidelines respectively. Children with hypertensive systolic BP had the narrowest central retinal arteriolar equivalents compared with children with either elevated or normotensive systolic BP (162.4, 164.6, and 167.1 µm; P‐trend <0.001). Increased standardized systolic BP was associated with narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalents (β=−2.276 µm, P<0.001), wider central retinal venular equivalents (1.177, P=0.007), and decreased arteriolar fractal dimensions (β=−0.004, P=0.034). Children with obesity had the smallest arteriolar fractal dimensions compared with children with overweightness and normal weight (1.211, 1.234, and 1.240; P‐trend=0.004). Children with both hypertensive BP and either overweightness or obesity had the narrowest central retinal arteriolar equivalents and smallest arteriolar D(f) (P‐trend<0.001 and P‐trend=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the potential synergistic or additive effects for both hypertensive BP and obesity on retinal vasculature in children.
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spelling pubmed-79554512021-03-17 Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study Ho, Agnes Cheung, Carol Y. Wong, Jason S. Zhang, Yuzhou Tang, Fang Yao Kam, Ka Wai Young, Alvin L. Chen, Li Jia Ip, Patrick Wong, Tien Y. Pang, Chi Pui Tham, Clement C. Yam, Jason C. J Am Heart Assoc Original Research BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children globally. Although prior studies have shown their adverse impacts on macrovascular health, less is known about their effects on microvascular heath. This study aims to evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of hypertensive BP and obesity on retinal vasculature in young children. METHOD AND RESULTS: 1006 children aged 6 to 8 years were recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Quantitative retinal vascular parameters, including central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents and retinal arteriolar and venular fractal dimensions, were measured from retinal photographs following a standardized protocol. BP and body mass index were categorized according to reference values from American Academy of Pediatrics and International Obesity Task Force guidelines respectively. Children with hypertensive systolic BP had the narrowest central retinal arteriolar equivalents compared with children with either elevated or normotensive systolic BP (162.4, 164.6, and 167.1 µm; P‐trend <0.001). Increased standardized systolic BP was associated with narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalents (β=−2.276 µm, P<0.001), wider central retinal venular equivalents (1.177, P=0.007), and decreased arteriolar fractal dimensions (β=−0.004, P=0.034). Children with obesity had the smallest arteriolar fractal dimensions compared with children with overweightness and normal weight (1.211, 1.234, and 1.240; P‐trend=0.004). Children with both hypertensive BP and either overweightness or obesity had the narrowest central retinal arteriolar equivalents and smallest arteriolar D(f) (P‐trend<0.001 and P‐trend=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the potential synergistic or additive effects for both hypertensive BP and obesity on retinal vasculature in children. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7955451/ /pubmed/33496185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018485 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Research
Ho, Agnes
Cheung, Carol Y.
Wong, Jason S.
Zhang, Yuzhou
Tang, Fang Yao
Kam, Ka Wai
Young, Alvin L.
Chen, Li Jia
Ip, Patrick
Wong, Tien Y.
Pang, Chi Pui
Tham, Clement C.
Yam, Jason C.
Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_full Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_fullStr Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_full_unstemmed Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_short Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_sort independent and synergistic effects of high blood pressure and obesity on retinal vasculature in young children: the hong kong children eye study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7955451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33496185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018485
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