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Tics in patients with encephalitis
BACKGROUND: Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the prevalence and char...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7955972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33486621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05065-w |
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author | Badenoch, James Searle, Tamara Watson, Iona Cavanna, Andrea E. |
author_facet | Badenoch, James Searle, Tamara Watson, Iona Cavanna, Andrea E. |
author_sort | Badenoch, James |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: In addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed. DISCUSSION: The association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7955972 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79559722021-03-28 Tics in patients with encephalitis Badenoch, James Searle, Tamara Watson, Iona Cavanna, Andrea E. Neurol Sci Review Article BACKGROUND: Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: In addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed. DISCUSSION: The association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis. Springer International Publishing 2021-01-23 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7955972/ /pubmed/33486621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05065-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Badenoch, James Searle, Tamara Watson, Iona Cavanna, Andrea E. Tics in patients with encephalitis |
title | Tics in patients with encephalitis |
title_full | Tics in patients with encephalitis |
title_fullStr | Tics in patients with encephalitis |
title_full_unstemmed | Tics in patients with encephalitis |
title_short | Tics in patients with encephalitis |
title_sort | tics in patients with encephalitis |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7955972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33486621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05065-w |
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