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Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate

Smoke inhalation poses a serious health threat to firefighters (FFs), with potential effects including respiratory and cardiac disorders. In this work, environmental and physiological data were collected from FFs, during experimental fires performed in 2015 and 2019. Extending a previous work, which...

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Autores principales: Sebastião, Raquel, Sorte, Sandra, Fernandes, José M., Miranda, Ana I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7956572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33668116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051561
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author Sebastião, Raquel
Sorte, Sandra
Fernandes, José M.
Miranda, Ana I.
author_facet Sebastião, Raquel
Sorte, Sandra
Fernandes, José M.
Miranda, Ana I.
author_sort Sebastião, Raquel
collection PubMed
description Smoke inhalation poses a serious health threat to firefighters (FFs), with potential effects including respiratory and cardiac disorders. In this work, environmental and physiological data were collected from FFs, during experimental fires performed in 2015 and 2019. Extending a previous work, which allowed us to conclude that changes in heart rate (HR) were associated with alterations in the inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO), we performed a HR analysis according to different levels of CO exposure during firefighting based on data collected from three FFs. Based on HR collected and on CO occupational exposure standards (OES), we propose a classifier to identify CO exposure levels through the HR measured values. An ensemble of 100 bagged classification trees was used and the classification of CO levels obtained an overall accuracy of 91.9%. The classification can be performed in real-time and can be embedded in a decision fire-fighting support system. This classification of FF’ exposure to critical CO levels, through minimally-invasive monitored HR, opens the possibility to identify hazardous situations, preventing and avoiding possible severe problems in FF’ health due to inhaled pollutants. The obtained results also show the importance of future studies on the relevance and influence of the exposure and inhalation of pollutants on the FF’ health, especially in what refers to hazardous levels of toxic air pollutants.
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spelling pubmed-79565722021-03-16 Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate Sebastião, Raquel Sorte, Sandra Fernandes, José M. Miranda, Ana I. Sensors (Basel) Article Smoke inhalation poses a serious health threat to firefighters (FFs), with potential effects including respiratory and cardiac disorders. In this work, environmental and physiological data were collected from FFs, during experimental fires performed in 2015 and 2019. Extending a previous work, which allowed us to conclude that changes in heart rate (HR) were associated with alterations in the inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO), we performed a HR analysis according to different levels of CO exposure during firefighting based on data collected from three FFs. Based on HR collected and on CO occupational exposure standards (OES), we propose a classifier to identify CO exposure levels through the HR measured values. An ensemble of 100 bagged classification trees was used and the classification of CO levels obtained an overall accuracy of 91.9%. The classification can be performed in real-time and can be embedded in a decision fire-fighting support system. This classification of FF’ exposure to critical CO levels, through minimally-invasive monitored HR, opens the possibility to identify hazardous situations, preventing and avoiding possible severe problems in FF’ health due to inhaled pollutants. The obtained results also show the importance of future studies on the relevance and influence of the exposure and inhalation of pollutants on the FF’ health, especially in what refers to hazardous levels of toxic air pollutants. MDPI 2021-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7956572/ /pubmed/33668116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051561 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sebastião, Raquel
Sorte, Sandra
Fernandes, José M.
Miranda, Ana I.
Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate
title Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate
title_full Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate
title_fullStr Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate
title_full_unstemmed Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate
title_short Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate
title_sort classification of critical levels of co exposure of firefigthers through monitored heart rate
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7956572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33668116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051561
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