Cargando…
Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity
High-sensitivity and simple, low-cost readout are desirable features for sensors independent of the application area. Micro-cantilever sensors use the deflection induced by the analyte presence to achieve high-sensitivity but possess complex electronic readouts. Current holographic sensors probe the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804337 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051673 |
_version_ | 1783664706861400064 |
---|---|
author | Grogan, Catherine McGovern, Faolan Radford Staines, Rory Amarandei, George Naydenova, Izabela |
author_facet | Grogan, Catherine McGovern, Faolan Radford Staines, Rory Amarandei, George Naydenova, Izabela |
author_sort | Grogan, Catherine |
collection | PubMed |
description | High-sensitivity and simple, low-cost readout are desirable features for sensors independent of the application area. Micro-cantilever sensors use the deflection induced by the analyte presence to achieve high-sensitivity but possess complex electronic readouts. Current holographic sensors probe the analyte presence by measuring changes in their optical properties, have a simpler low-cost readout, but their sensitivity can be further improved. Here, the two working principles were combined to obtain a new hybrid sensor with enhanced sensitivity. The diffractive element, a holographically patterned thin photopolymer layer, was placed on a polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) layer forming a bi-layer macro-cantilever. The different responses of the layers to analyte presence lead to cantilever deflection. The sensitivity and detection limits were evaluated by measuring the variation in cantilever deflection and diffraction efficiency with relative humidity. It was observed that the sensitivity is tunable by controlling the spatial frequency of the photopolymer gratings and the cantilever thickness. The sensor deflection was also visible to the naked eye, making it a simple, user-friendly device. The hybrid sensor diffraction efficiency response to the target analyte had an increased sensitivity (10-fold when compared with the cantilever or holographic modes operating independently), requiring a minimum upturn in the readout complexity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7957689 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79576892021-03-16 Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity Grogan, Catherine McGovern, Faolan Radford Staines, Rory Amarandei, George Naydenova, Izabela Sensors (Basel) Article High-sensitivity and simple, low-cost readout are desirable features for sensors independent of the application area. Micro-cantilever sensors use the deflection induced by the analyte presence to achieve high-sensitivity but possess complex electronic readouts. Current holographic sensors probe the analyte presence by measuring changes in their optical properties, have a simpler low-cost readout, but their sensitivity can be further improved. Here, the two working principles were combined to obtain a new hybrid sensor with enhanced sensitivity. The diffractive element, a holographically patterned thin photopolymer layer, was placed on a polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) layer forming a bi-layer macro-cantilever. The different responses of the layers to analyte presence lead to cantilever deflection. The sensitivity and detection limits were evaluated by measuring the variation in cantilever deflection and diffraction efficiency with relative humidity. It was observed that the sensitivity is tunable by controlling the spatial frequency of the photopolymer gratings and the cantilever thickness. The sensor deflection was also visible to the naked eye, making it a simple, user-friendly device. The hybrid sensor diffraction efficiency response to the target analyte had an increased sensitivity (10-fold when compared with the cantilever or holographic modes operating independently), requiring a minimum upturn in the readout complexity. MDPI 2021-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7957689/ /pubmed/33804337 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051673 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Grogan, Catherine McGovern, Faolan Radford Staines, Rory Amarandei, George Naydenova, Izabela Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity |
title | Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity |
title_full | Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity |
title_fullStr | Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity |
title_full_unstemmed | Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity |
title_short | Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity |
title_sort | cantilever-based sensor utilizing a diffractive optical element with high sensitivity to relative humidity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804337 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051673 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT grogancatherine cantileverbasedsensorutilizingadiffractiveopticalelementwithhighsensitivitytorelativehumidity AT mcgovernfaolanradford cantileverbasedsensorutilizingadiffractiveopticalelementwithhighsensitivitytorelativehumidity AT stainesrory cantileverbasedsensorutilizingadiffractiveopticalelementwithhighsensitivitytorelativehumidity AT amarandeigeorge cantileverbasedsensorutilizingadiffractiveopticalelementwithhighsensitivitytorelativehumidity AT naydenovaizabela cantileverbasedsensorutilizingadiffractiveopticalelementwithhighsensitivitytorelativehumidity |