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Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer
This study examines the potential use of sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer as an environmentally sustainable agent for the stabilization of rubberized soil blends prepared using a high plasticity clay soil and tire-derived ground rubber (GR). The experimental program consisted of uniaxial compression...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671101 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050764 |
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author | Soltani, Amin Raeesi, Ramin Taheri, Abbas Deng, An Mirzababaei, Mehdi |
author_facet | Soltani, Amin Raeesi, Ramin Taheri, Abbas Deng, An Mirzababaei, Mehdi |
author_sort | Soltani, Amin |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study examines the potential use of sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer as an environmentally sustainable agent for the stabilization of rubberized soil blends prepared using a high plasticity clay soil and tire-derived ground rubber (GR). The experimental program consisted of uniaxial compression and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests; the former was performed on three soil-GR blends (with GR-to-soil mass ratios of 0%, 5% and 10%) compacted (and cured for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d) employing distilled water and three SA solutions—prepared at SA-to-water (mass-to-volume) dosage ratios of 5, 10 and 15 g/L—as the compaction liquid. For any given GR content, the greater the SA dosage and/or the longer the curing duration, the higher the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), with only minor added benefits beyond seven days of curing. This behavior was attributed to the formation and propagation of so-called “cationic bridges” (developed as a result of a “Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ⟷ Na(+) cation exchange/substitution” process among the clay and SA components) between adjacent clay surfaces over time, inducing flocculation of the clay particles. This clay amending mechanism was further verified by means of representative SEM images. Finally, the addition of (and content increase in) GR—which translates to partially replacing the soil clay content with GR particles and hence reducing the number of available attraction sites for the SA molecules to form additional cationic bridges—was found to moderately offset the efficiency of SA treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7957738 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79577382021-03-16 Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer Soltani, Amin Raeesi, Ramin Taheri, Abbas Deng, An Mirzababaei, Mehdi Polymers (Basel) Article This study examines the potential use of sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer as an environmentally sustainable agent for the stabilization of rubberized soil blends prepared using a high plasticity clay soil and tire-derived ground rubber (GR). The experimental program consisted of uniaxial compression and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests; the former was performed on three soil-GR blends (with GR-to-soil mass ratios of 0%, 5% and 10%) compacted (and cured for 1, 4, 7 and 14 d) employing distilled water and three SA solutions—prepared at SA-to-water (mass-to-volume) dosage ratios of 5, 10 and 15 g/L—as the compaction liquid. For any given GR content, the greater the SA dosage and/or the longer the curing duration, the higher the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), with only minor added benefits beyond seven days of curing. This behavior was attributed to the formation and propagation of so-called “cationic bridges” (developed as a result of a “Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ⟷ Na(+) cation exchange/substitution” process among the clay and SA components) between adjacent clay surfaces over time, inducing flocculation of the clay particles. This clay amending mechanism was further verified by means of representative SEM images. Finally, the addition of (and content increase in) GR—which translates to partially replacing the soil clay content with GR particles and hence reducing the number of available attraction sites for the SA molecules to form additional cationic bridges—was found to moderately offset the efficiency of SA treatment. MDPI 2021-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7957738/ /pubmed/33671101 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050764 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Soltani, Amin Raeesi, Ramin Taheri, Abbas Deng, An Mirzababaei, Mehdi Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer |
title | Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer |
title_full | Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer |
title_fullStr | Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer |
title_full_unstemmed | Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer |
title_short | Improved Shear Strength Performance of Compacted Rubberized Clays Treated with Sodium Alginate Biopolymer |
title_sort | improved shear strength performance of compacted rubberized clays treated with sodium alginate biopolymer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671101 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050764 |
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