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Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction
Diaphragm muscle dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important element of several diseases including neuromuscular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diaphragm dysfunction in critically ill patients. Functional evaluation of the diaphragm is challenging. Use of volitional ma...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958108/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33722215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01441-6 |
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author | Laghi, Franco A. Saad, Marina Shaikh, Hameeda |
author_facet | Laghi, Franco A. Saad, Marina Shaikh, Hameeda |
author_sort | Laghi, Franco A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diaphragm muscle dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important element of several diseases including neuromuscular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diaphragm dysfunction in critically ill patients. Functional evaluation of the diaphragm is challenging. Use of volitional maneuvers to test the diaphragm can be limited by patient effort. Non-volitional tests such as those using neuromuscular stimulation are technically complex, since the muscle itself is relatively inaccessible. As such, there is a growing interest in using imaging techniques to characterize diaphragm muscle dysfunction. Selecting the appropriate imaging technique for a given clinical scenario is a critical step in the evaluation of patients suspected of having diaphragm dysfunction. In this review, we aim to present a detailed analysis of evidence for the use of ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragm dysfunction. We highlight the utility of the qualitative information gathered by ultrasound imaging as a means to assess integrity, excursion, thickness, and thickening of the diaphragm. In contrast, quantitative ultrasound analysis of the diaphragm is marred by inherent limitations of this technique, and we provide a detailed examination of these limitations. We evaluate non-ultrasound imaging modalities that apply static techniques (chest radiograph, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), used to assess muscle position, shape and dimension. We also evaluate non-ultrasound imaging modalities that apply dynamic imaging (fluoroscopy and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging) to assess diaphragm motion. Finally, we critically review the application of each of these techniques in the clinical setting when diaphragm dysfunction is suspected. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01441-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7958108 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79581082021-03-15 Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction Laghi, Franco A. Saad, Marina Shaikh, Hameeda BMC Pulm Med Review Diaphragm muscle dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important element of several diseases including neuromuscular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diaphragm dysfunction in critically ill patients. Functional evaluation of the diaphragm is challenging. Use of volitional maneuvers to test the diaphragm can be limited by patient effort. Non-volitional tests such as those using neuromuscular stimulation are technically complex, since the muscle itself is relatively inaccessible. As such, there is a growing interest in using imaging techniques to characterize diaphragm muscle dysfunction. Selecting the appropriate imaging technique for a given clinical scenario is a critical step in the evaluation of patients suspected of having diaphragm dysfunction. In this review, we aim to present a detailed analysis of evidence for the use of ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragm dysfunction. We highlight the utility of the qualitative information gathered by ultrasound imaging as a means to assess integrity, excursion, thickness, and thickening of the diaphragm. In contrast, quantitative ultrasound analysis of the diaphragm is marred by inherent limitations of this technique, and we provide a detailed examination of these limitations. We evaluate non-ultrasound imaging modalities that apply static techniques (chest radiograph, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), used to assess muscle position, shape and dimension. We also evaluate non-ultrasound imaging modalities that apply dynamic imaging (fluoroscopy and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging) to assess diaphragm motion. Finally, we critically review the application of each of these techniques in the clinical setting when diaphragm dysfunction is suspected. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01441-6. BioMed Central 2021-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7958108/ /pubmed/33722215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01441-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Laghi, Franco A. Saad, Marina Shaikh, Hameeda Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
title | Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
title_full | Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
title_fullStr | Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
title_short | Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
title_sort | ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958108/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33722215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01441-6 |
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