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Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes

The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-...

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Autores principales: Vidakis, Nectarios, Petousis, Markos, Tzounis, Lazaros, Grammatikos, Sotirios A., Porfyrakis, Emmanouil, Maniadi, Athena, Mountakis, Nikolaos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051162
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author Vidakis, Nectarios
Petousis, Markos
Tzounis, Lazaros
Grammatikos, Sotirios A.
Porfyrakis, Emmanouil
Maniadi, Athena
Mountakis, Nikolaos
author_facet Vidakis, Nectarios
Petousis, Markos
Tzounis, Lazaros
Grammatikos, Sotirios A.
Porfyrakis, Emmanouil
Maniadi, Athena
Mountakis, Nikolaos
author_sort Vidakis, Nectarios
collection PubMed
description The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling.
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spelling pubmed-79581372021-03-16 Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes Vidakis, Nectarios Petousis, Markos Tzounis, Lazaros Grammatikos, Sotirios A. Porfyrakis, Emmanouil Maniadi, Athena Mountakis, Nikolaos Materials (Basel) Article The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling. MDPI 2021-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7958137/ /pubmed/33801265 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051162 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vidakis, Nectarios
Petousis, Markos
Tzounis, Lazaros
Grammatikos, Sotirios A.
Porfyrakis, Emmanouil
Maniadi, Athena
Mountakis, Nikolaos
Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
title Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
title_full Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
title_fullStr Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
title_short Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
title_sort sustainable additive manufacturing: mechanical response of polyethylene terephthalate glycol over multiple recycling processes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051162
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