Mg(2+) Doping Effects on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) Ceramics Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis

In this study, ceramic CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) (CCTO) and CaCu(3−x)Mg(x)Ti(4)O(12) solid solutions in which 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were prepared by the mechanochemical method, realized by a high-energy ball milling technique. The effects of the Mg(2+) ion concentration and sintering time on the dielectric response in the prepared ceramics were investigated and discussed. It was demonstrated that, by the use of a sufficiently high energy of mechanochemical treatment, it is possible to produce a crystalline product after only 2 h of milling the mixture of the oxide substrates. Both the addition of magnesium ions and the longer sintering time of the mechanochemically-produced ceramics cause excessive grain growth and significantly affect the dielectric properties of the materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all of the as-prepared solid solutions, CaCu(3−x)Mg(x)Ti(4)O(12) (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), regardless of the sintering time, exhibit a cubic perovskite single phase. The dielectric study showed two major contributions associated with the grains and the grain boundaries. The analysis of the electric modules of these ceramics confirmed the occurrence of Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation, which is dependent on the temperature.