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Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives

Commonly, volumetric shrinkage occurs during polymerizations due to the shortening of the equilibrium Van der Waals distance of two molecules to the length of a (significantly shorter) covalent bond. This volumetric shrinkage can have severe influence on the materials’ properties. One strategy to ov...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Marx, Philipp, Wiesbrock, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7961351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800726
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050806
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author Marx, Philipp
Wiesbrock, Frank
author_facet Marx, Philipp
Wiesbrock, Frank
author_sort Marx, Philipp
collection PubMed
description Commonly, volumetric shrinkage occurs during polymerizations due to the shortening of the equilibrium Van der Waals distance of two molecules to the length of a (significantly shorter) covalent bond. This volumetric shrinkage can have severe influence on the materials’ properties. One strategy to overcome this volumetric shrinkage is the use of expanding monomers that show volumetric expansion during polymerization reactions. Such monomers exhibit cyclic or even oligocyclic structural motifs with a correspondingly dense atomic packing. During the ring-opening reaction of such monomers, linear structures with atomic packing of lower density are formed, which results in volumetric expansion or at least reduced volumetric shrinkage. This review provides a concise overview of expanding monomers with a focus on the elucidation of structure-property relationships. Preceded by a brief introduction of measuring techniques for the quantification of volumetric changes, the most prominent classes of expanding monomers will be presented and discussed, namely cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes, oxacycles, benzoxazines, as well as thiocyclic compounds. Spiroorthoesters, spiroorthocarbonates, cyclic carbonates, and benzoxazines are particularly highlighted.
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spelling pubmed-79613512021-03-17 Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives Marx, Philipp Wiesbrock, Frank Polymers (Basel) Review Commonly, volumetric shrinkage occurs during polymerizations due to the shortening of the equilibrium Van der Waals distance of two molecules to the length of a (significantly shorter) covalent bond. This volumetric shrinkage can have severe influence on the materials’ properties. One strategy to overcome this volumetric shrinkage is the use of expanding monomers that show volumetric expansion during polymerization reactions. Such monomers exhibit cyclic or even oligocyclic structural motifs with a correspondingly dense atomic packing. During the ring-opening reaction of such monomers, linear structures with atomic packing of lower density are formed, which results in volumetric expansion or at least reduced volumetric shrinkage. This review provides a concise overview of expanding monomers with a focus on the elucidation of structure-property relationships. Preceded by a brief introduction of measuring techniques for the quantification of volumetric changes, the most prominent classes of expanding monomers will be presented and discussed, namely cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes, oxacycles, benzoxazines, as well as thiocyclic compounds. Spiroorthoesters, spiroorthocarbonates, cyclic carbonates, and benzoxazines are particularly highlighted. MDPI 2021-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7961351/ /pubmed/33800726 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050806 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Marx, Philipp
Wiesbrock, Frank
Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives
title Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives
title_full Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives
title_fullStr Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives
title_full_unstemmed Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives
title_short Expanding Monomers as Anti-Shrinkage Additives
title_sort expanding monomers as anti-shrinkage additives
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7961351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800726
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050806
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