Cargando…

Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics

Supplemental blue/red lighting accelerated fruit coloring and promoted lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits. Potassium (K) is the most enriched cation in tomato fruits, and its fertigation improved tomato yield and fruit color. However, the effects of supplemental lighting on K uptake and transport b...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Wei, Liu, Danxia, Qin, Min, Xie, Zhenbin, Chen, Riyuan, Zhang, Yiting
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7961429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33799970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052687
_version_ 1783665258748968960
author Wang, Wei
Liu, Danxia
Qin, Min
Xie, Zhenbin
Chen, Riyuan
Zhang, Yiting
author_facet Wang, Wei
Liu, Danxia
Qin, Min
Xie, Zhenbin
Chen, Riyuan
Zhang, Yiting
author_sort Wang, Wei
collection PubMed
description Supplemental blue/red lighting accelerated fruit coloring and promoted lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits. Potassium (K) is the most enriched cation in tomato fruits, and its fertigation improved tomato yield and fruit color. However, the effects of supplemental lighting on K uptake and transport by tomatoes and whether supplemental lighting accelerates fruit coloring through enhancing K uptake and transport are still unclear. We investigated the effects of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) lighting (SL; 100% red, 100% blue; 75% red combined 25% blue) on K uptake in roots and transport in the fruits as well as the fruit coloring of tomatoes (Micro-Tom) grown in an experimental greenhouse in hydroponics. The use of red SL or red combined blue SL enhanced K uptake and K accumulation as well as carotenoid (phytoene, lycopene, γ-carotene, and β-carotene) content in fruits by increasing photosynthesis, plant growth, and fruit weight. The genes related to ethylene signaling were upregulated by red SL. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that K transporter genes (SlHAKs) are differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening. The highest-expressed gene was SlHAK10 when fruit reached breaker and ripening. SlHAK3 and SlHAK19 were highly expressed at breaker, and SlHAK18 was highly expressed at ripening. These might be related to the formation of tomato fruit ripening and quality. SlHAK4, SlHAK6, SlHAK8, and SlHAK9 were significantly downregulated with fruit ripening and induced by low K. The expression level of SlHAK6, SlHAK10, SlHAK15, and SlHAK19 were significantly increased by blue SL or red combined blue SL during breaker and ripening. Blue SL or red combined blue SL increased content of phytoene, β-carotene, α-carotene, and γ-carotene and accelerated fruit coloring by enhancing K uptake in roots and transport in fruits during fruit ripening. This was consistent with the expression level of SlHAK6, SlHAK10, SlHAK15, and SlHAK19 during fruit development and ripening. The key genes of photoreceptors, light signaling transcript factors as well as abscisic acid (ABA) transduction induced by blue SL or red combined blue SL were consistent with the upregulated genes of SlHAK6, SlHAK10, SlHAK15, and SlHAK19 under blue SL and red combined blue SL. The K transport in tomato fruits might be mediated by light signaling and ABA signaling transduction. These results provide valuable information for fruit quality control and the light regulating mechanism of K transport and fruit coloring in tomatoes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7961429
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79614292021-03-17 Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics Wang, Wei Liu, Danxia Qin, Min Xie, Zhenbin Chen, Riyuan Zhang, Yiting Int J Mol Sci Article Supplemental blue/red lighting accelerated fruit coloring and promoted lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits. Potassium (K) is the most enriched cation in tomato fruits, and its fertigation improved tomato yield and fruit color. However, the effects of supplemental lighting on K uptake and transport by tomatoes and whether supplemental lighting accelerates fruit coloring through enhancing K uptake and transport are still unclear. We investigated the effects of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) lighting (SL; 100% red, 100% blue; 75% red combined 25% blue) on K uptake in roots and transport in the fruits as well as the fruit coloring of tomatoes (Micro-Tom) grown in an experimental greenhouse in hydroponics. The use of red SL or red combined blue SL enhanced K uptake and K accumulation as well as carotenoid (phytoene, lycopene, γ-carotene, and β-carotene) content in fruits by increasing photosynthesis, plant growth, and fruit weight. The genes related to ethylene signaling were upregulated by red SL. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that K transporter genes (SlHAKs) are differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening. The highest-expressed gene was SlHAK10 when fruit reached breaker and ripening. SlHAK3 and SlHAK19 were highly expressed at breaker, and SlHAK18 was highly expressed at ripening. These might be related to the formation of tomato fruit ripening and quality. SlHAK4, SlHAK6, SlHAK8, and SlHAK9 were significantly downregulated with fruit ripening and induced by low K. The expression level of SlHAK6, SlHAK10, SlHAK15, and SlHAK19 were significantly increased by blue SL or red combined blue SL during breaker and ripening. Blue SL or red combined blue SL increased content of phytoene, β-carotene, α-carotene, and γ-carotene and accelerated fruit coloring by enhancing K uptake in roots and transport in fruits during fruit ripening. This was consistent with the expression level of SlHAK6, SlHAK10, SlHAK15, and SlHAK19 during fruit development and ripening. The key genes of photoreceptors, light signaling transcript factors as well as abscisic acid (ABA) transduction induced by blue SL or red combined blue SL were consistent with the upregulated genes of SlHAK6, SlHAK10, SlHAK15, and SlHAK19 under blue SL and red combined blue SL. The K transport in tomato fruits might be mediated by light signaling and ABA signaling transduction. These results provide valuable information for fruit quality control and the light regulating mechanism of K transport and fruit coloring in tomatoes. MDPI 2021-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7961429/ /pubmed/33799970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052687 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Wei
Liu, Danxia
Qin, Min
Xie, Zhenbin
Chen, Riyuan
Zhang, Yiting
Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics
title Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics
title_full Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics
title_fullStr Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics
title_short Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Potassium Transport and Fruit Coloring of Tomatoes Grown in Hydroponics
title_sort effects of supplemental lighting on potassium transport and fruit coloring of tomatoes grown in hydroponics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7961429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33799970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052687
work_keys_str_mv AT wangwei effectsofsupplementallightingonpotassiumtransportandfruitcoloringoftomatoesgrowninhydroponics
AT liudanxia effectsofsupplementallightingonpotassiumtransportandfruitcoloringoftomatoesgrowninhydroponics
AT qinmin effectsofsupplementallightingonpotassiumtransportandfruitcoloringoftomatoesgrowninhydroponics
AT xiezhenbin effectsofsupplementallightingonpotassiumtransportandfruitcoloringoftomatoesgrowninhydroponics
AT chenriyuan effectsofsupplementallightingonpotassiumtransportandfruitcoloringoftomatoesgrowninhydroponics
AT zhangyiting effectsofsupplementallightingonpotassiumtransportandfruitcoloringoftomatoesgrowninhydroponics