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Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system
BACKGROUND: Being pharmaceutical care one of the four areas defined by the International Pharmaceutical Federation’s Global Competence Framework, the curriculum redesigned scheme is a priority task to perform a pharmaceutical workforce capable to contribute significantly to the appropriate use of me...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7962236/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33726748 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02583-1 |
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author | Martínez-Sánchez, Alina M. |
author_facet | Martínez-Sánchez, Alina M. |
author_sort | Martínez-Sánchez, Alina M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Being pharmaceutical care one of the four areas defined by the International Pharmaceutical Federation’s Global Competence Framework, the curriculum redesigned scheme is a priority task to perform a pharmaceutical workforce capable to contribute significantly to the appropriate use of medicines. Therefore, the pharmacy curriculum should be adapted, in order to provide pharmacists with new knowledge and skills to provide pharmaceutical care services. This study used a modified Delphi technique to define objectives and topical outlines for a pharmaceutical care course on a pharmacy curriculum. METHODS: A modified Delphi process was used to determine a consensus among proposed course objectives and topical outlines. The preliminary phase of the study included a compilation of prospective objectives and outline topics on which to structure informational flow through the Delphi. A two-round modified Delphi process were completed by the participants in the study. The Delphi questionnaire was organized using six domains: the theoretical program foundation; recommended for teaching literature; instructional and educational objectives of the program (course structure); teaching methods; knowledge, skills and professional values considered; and students’ performance assessments. Nineteen items for evaluation within the referred domains were considered. RESULTS: Consensus was achieved among 15 participants regarding 10 objectives, and eleven topical outlines related to pharmaceutical care teaching in an undergraduate pharmacy course. Despite this favorable valuation and considering the qualitative evaluations provided by the participants, it was believed appropriate to analyze the recommendation for the inclusion of literature for the teaching of the course in Spanish language (73%). It resulted in a project proposal for the elaboration of a book by a group of authors from all the faculties of pharmacy in the country. CONCLUSION: A Delphi expert panel achieved consensus on topical outline and objectives for a pharmaceutical care course. The results of this study can be used to underline the didactic guidance for pharmaceutical care teaching and learning useful for future pharmacy curriculum upgrades. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-021-02583-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7962236 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79622362021-03-16 Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system Martínez-Sánchez, Alina M. BMC Med Educ Research Article BACKGROUND: Being pharmaceutical care one of the four areas defined by the International Pharmaceutical Federation’s Global Competence Framework, the curriculum redesigned scheme is a priority task to perform a pharmaceutical workforce capable to contribute significantly to the appropriate use of medicines. Therefore, the pharmacy curriculum should be adapted, in order to provide pharmacists with new knowledge and skills to provide pharmaceutical care services. This study used a modified Delphi technique to define objectives and topical outlines for a pharmaceutical care course on a pharmacy curriculum. METHODS: A modified Delphi process was used to determine a consensus among proposed course objectives and topical outlines. The preliminary phase of the study included a compilation of prospective objectives and outline topics on which to structure informational flow through the Delphi. A two-round modified Delphi process were completed by the participants in the study. The Delphi questionnaire was organized using six domains: the theoretical program foundation; recommended for teaching literature; instructional and educational objectives of the program (course structure); teaching methods; knowledge, skills and professional values considered; and students’ performance assessments. Nineteen items for evaluation within the referred domains were considered. RESULTS: Consensus was achieved among 15 participants regarding 10 objectives, and eleven topical outlines related to pharmaceutical care teaching in an undergraduate pharmacy course. Despite this favorable valuation and considering the qualitative evaluations provided by the participants, it was believed appropriate to analyze the recommendation for the inclusion of literature for the teaching of the course in Spanish language (73%). It resulted in a project proposal for the elaboration of a book by a group of authors from all the faculties of pharmacy in the country. CONCLUSION: A Delphi expert panel achieved consensus on topical outline and objectives for a pharmaceutical care course. The results of this study can be used to underline the didactic guidance for pharmaceutical care teaching and learning useful for future pharmacy curriculum upgrades. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-021-02583-1. BioMed Central 2021-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7962236/ /pubmed/33726748 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02583-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Martínez-Sánchez, Alina M. Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system |
title | Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system |
title_full | Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system |
title_fullStr | Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system |
title_full_unstemmed | Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system |
title_short | Using the Delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the Cuban higher education system |
title_sort | using the delphi technique to determine objectives and topical outline for a pharmaceutical care course: an experience from the cuban higher education system |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7962236/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33726748 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02583-1 |
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