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Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure
BACKGROUND: Exposure to occupational manganese (Mn) is associated with neurotoxic brain injury, manifesting primarily as parkinsonism. The association between environmental Mn exposure and parkinsonism is unclear. To characterize the association between environmental Mn exposure and parkinsonism, we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7962371/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33722243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00712-3 |
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author | Racette, Brad A. Nelson, Gill Dlamini, Wendy W. Prathibha, Pradeep Turner, Jay R. Ushe, Mwiza Checkoway, Harvey Sheppard, Lianne Nielsen, Susan Searles |
author_facet | Racette, Brad A. Nelson, Gill Dlamini, Wendy W. Prathibha, Pradeep Turner, Jay R. Ushe, Mwiza Checkoway, Harvey Sheppard, Lianne Nielsen, Susan Searles |
author_sort | Racette, Brad A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Exposure to occupational manganese (Mn) is associated with neurotoxic brain injury, manifesting primarily as parkinsonism. The association between environmental Mn exposure and parkinsonism is unclear. To characterize the association between environmental Mn exposure and parkinsonism, we performed population-based sampling of residents older than 40 in Meyerton, South Africa (N = 621) in residential settlements adjacent to a large Mn smelter and in a comparable non-exposed settlement in Ethembalethu, South Africa (N = 95) in 2016–2020. METHODS: A movement disorders specialist examined all participants using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection part 3 (UPDRS3). Participants also completed an accelerometry-based kinematic test and a grooved pegboard test. We compared performance on the UPDRS3, grooved pegboard, and the accelerometry-based kinematic test between the settlements using linear regression, adjusting for covariates. We also measured airborne PM(2.5)-Mn in the study settlements. RESULTS: Mean PM(2.5)-Mn concentration at a long-term fixed site in Meyerton was 203 ng/m(3) in 2016–2017 – approximately double that measured at two other neighborhoods in Meyerton. The mean Mn concentration in Ethembalethu was ~ 20 times lower than that of the long-term Meyerton site. UPDRS3 scores were 6.6 (CI 5.2, 7.9) points higher in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents. Mean angular velocity for finger-tapping on the accelerometry-based kinematic test was slower in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents [dominant hand 74.9 (CI 48.7, 101.2) and non-dominant hand 82.6 (CI 55.2, 110.1) degrees/second slower]. Similarly, Meyerton residents took longer to complete the grooved pegboard, especially for the non-dominant hand (6.9, CI -2.6, 16.3 s longer). CONCLUSIONS: Environmental airborne Mn exposures at levels substantially lower than current occupational exposure thresholds in the United States may be associated with clinical parkinsonism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7962371 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79623712021-03-16 Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure Racette, Brad A. Nelson, Gill Dlamini, Wendy W. Prathibha, Pradeep Turner, Jay R. Ushe, Mwiza Checkoway, Harvey Sheppard, Lianne Nielsen, Susan Searles Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Exposure to occupational manganese (Mn) is associated with neurotoxic brain injury, manifesting primarily as parkinsonism. The association between environmental Mn exposure and parkinsonism is unclear. To characterize the association between environmental Mn exposure and parkinsonism, we performed population-based sampling of residents older than 40 in Meyerton, South Africa (N = 621) in residential settlements adjacent to a large Mn smelter and in a comparable non-exposed settlement in Ethembalethu, South Africa (N = 95) in 2016–2020. METHODS: A movement disorders specialist examined all participants using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection part 3 (UPDRS3). Participants also completed an accelerometry-based kinematic test and a grooved pegboard test. We compared performance on the UPDRS3, grooved pegboard, and the accelerometry-based kinematic test between the settlements using linear regression, adjusting for covariates. We also measured airborne PM(2.5)-Mn in the study settlements. RESULTS: Mean PM(2.5)-Mn concentration at a long-term fixed site in Meyerton was 203 ng/m(3) in 2016–2017 – approximately double that measured at two other neighborhoods in Meyerton. The mean Mn concentration in Ethembalethu was ~ 20 times lower than that of the long-term Meyerton site. UPDRS3 scores were 6.6 (CI 5.2, 7.9) points higher in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents. Mean angular velocity for finger-tapping on the accelerometry-based kinematic test was slower in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents [dominant hand 74.9 (CI 48.7, 101.2) and non-dominant hand 82.6 (CI 55.2, 110.1) degrees/second slower]. Similarly, Meyerton residents took longer to complete the grooved pegboard, especially for the non-dominant hand (6.9, CI -2.6, 16.3 s longer). CONCLUSIONS: Environmental airborne Mn exposures at levels substantially lower than current occupational exposure thresholds in the United States may be associated with clinical parkinsonism. BioMed Central 2021-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7962371/ /pubmed/33722243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00712-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Racette, Brad A. Nelson, Gill Dlamini, Wendy W. Prathibha, Pradeep Turner, Jay R. Ushe, Mwiza Checkoway, Harvey Sheppard, Lianne Nielsen, Susan Searles Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
title | Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
title_full | Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
title_fullStr | Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
title_full_unstemmed | Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
title_short | Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
title_sort | severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7962371/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33722243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00712-3 |
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