Novel Cytotoxic Chemotherapies in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Small cell lung cancer is a subtype of lung cancer and one of the deadliest thoracic tumours. Historically, chemotherapy consisting of either platinum plus etoposide or anthracycline-based regimens have been associated with a high response rate and rapid development of acquired resistance, contributing to the poor overall prognosis. Only a fraction of patients with local or early disease can be cured, whilst the treatment is palliative in those with extensive disease. In recent decades, few novel drugs have been developed, which are herein described. ABSTRACT: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the deadliest thoracic neoplasms, in part due to its fast doubling time and early metastatic spread. Historically, cytotoxic chemotherapy consisting of platinum–etoposide or anthracycline-based regimens has demonstrated a high response rate, but early chemoresistance leads to a poor prognosis in advanced SCLC. Only a fraction of patients with limited-disease can be cured by chemo-radiotherapy. Given the disappointing survival rates in advanced SCLC, new cytotoxic agents are eagerly awaited. Unfortunately, few novel chemotherapy drugs have been developed in the latest decades. This review describes the results and potential application in the clinical practice of novel chemotherapy agents for SCLC.