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Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid
Background. Earlier chorioamnionitis diagnosis is crucial to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the inlerleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) levels in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid to investigat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7962957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051136 |
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author | Balciuniene, Greta Gulbiniene, Violeta Dumalakiene, Irena Viliene, Rita Bartkeviciene, Daiva Pilypiene, Ingrida Drasutiene, Grazina S. Ramasauskaite, Diana |
author_facet | Balciuniene, Greta Gulbiniene, Violeta Dumalakiene, Irena Viliene, Rita Bartkeviciene, Daiva Pilypiene, Ingrida Drasutiene, Grazina S. Ramasauskaite, Diana |
author_sort | Balciuniene, Greta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. Earlier chorioamnionitis diagnosis is crucial to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the inlerleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) levels in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid to investigate their prognostic value and to determine the most appropriate cut-off values for the prediction of chorioamnionitis. Methods. This case control study included women who were diagnosed with preterm premature rupture of the membranes before 34 weeks of gestation and were admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos. Free-leaking amniotic fluid was obtained vaginally with a sterile speculum less than 48h before delivery. Amniotic fluid IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 levels were determined by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was confirmed by histological examination of the placenta and membranes after delivery. Results. The study included 156 women, 65 patients in the histological chorioamnionitis group (Group I) and 91 in a group without diagnosed histological chorioamnionitis (Group II). The median concentrations of IL-6, MMP-8, and TNF-α in amniotic fluid were statistically significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (p-value < 0.001). The area under the curve of TNF-α and MMP-8 were higher than the area under the curve of IL-6 (0.91, 0.89, and 0.81, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found when comparing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of TNF-α and MMP-8. The optimum cut-off values for the prediction of chorioamnionitis were found to be 1389.82 pg/mL for IL-6, 21.17 pg/mL for TNF-α, and 172.53 ng/mL for MMP-8. The sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic value (PPV), and negative prognostic value (NPV) of the IL-6 cut-off for chorioamnionitis were 88%, 70%, 67%, and 89%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the TNF-α cut-off were 88%, 84%, 79%, and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the MMP-8 cut-off were 80%, 87%, 81%, and 86%, respectively. Conclusions. The vaginally obtained amniotic fluid IL-6, MMP-8, and TNF-α seem to be good predictors for chorioamnionitis of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation. The noninvasive technique of sampling amniotic fluid could be alternative method to invasive amniocentesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7962957 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79629572021-03-17 Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid Balciuniene, Greta Gulbiniene, Violeta Dumalakiene, Irena Viliene, Rita Bartkeviciene, Daiva Pilypiene, Ingrida Drasutiene, Grazina S. Ramasauskaite, Diana J Clin Med Article Background. Earlier chorioamnionitis diagnosis is crucial to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the inlerleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) levels in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid to investigate their prognostic value and to determine the most appropriate cut-off values for the prediction of chorioamnionitis. Methods. This case control study included women who were diagnosed with preterm premature rupture of the membranes before 34 weeks of gestation and were admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos. Free-leaking amniotic fluid was obtained vaginally with a sterile speculum less than 48h before delivery. Amniotic fluid IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 levels were determined by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was confirmed by histological examination of the placenta and membranes after delivery. Results. The study included 156 women, 65 patients in the histological chorioamnionitis group (Group I) and 91 in a group without diagnosed histological chorioamnionitis (Group II). The median concentrations of IL-6, MMP-8, and TNF-α in amniotic fluid were statistically significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (p-value < 0.001). The area under the curve of TNF-α and MMP-8 were higher than the area under the curve of IL-6 (0.91, 0.89, and 0.81, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found when comparing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of TNF-α and MMP-8. The optimum cut-off values for the prediction of chorioamnionitis were found to be 1389.82 pg/mL for IL-6, 21.17 pg/mL for TNF-α, and 172.53 ng/mL for MMP-8. The sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic value (PPV), and negative prognostic value (NPV) of the IL-6 cut-off for chorioamnionitis were 88%, 70%, 67%, and 89%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the TNF-α cut-off were 88%, 84%, 79%, and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the MMP-8 cut-off were 80%, 87%, 81%, and 86%, respectively. Conclusions. The vaginally obtained amniotic fluid IL-6, MMP-8, and TNF-α seem to be good predictors for chorioamnionitis of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation. The noninvasive technique of sampling amniotic fluid could be alternative method to invasive amniocentesis. MDPI 2021-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7962957/ /pubmed/33800521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051136 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Balciuniene, Greta Gulbiniene, Violeta Dumalakiene, Irena Viliene, Rita Bartkeviciene, Daiva Pilypiene, Ingrida Drasutiene, Grazina S. Ramasauskaite, Diana Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid |
title | Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid |
title_full | Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid |
title_fullStr | Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid |
title_full_unstemmed | Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid |
title_short | Prognostic Markers for Chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 in Vaginally Obtained Amniotic Fluid |
title_sort | prognostic markers for chorioamnionitis: il-6, tnf-α, and mmp-8 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7962957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051136 |
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