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A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel
Laboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al(2)O(3) inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of Al(2)O(3) inclusions by calcium treatment were...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7963179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051305 |
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author | Xi, Zuobing Li, Changrong Wang, Linzhu |
author_facet | Xi, Zuobing Li, Changrong Wang, Linzhu |
author_sort | Xi, Zuobing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Laboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al(2)O(3) inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of Al(2)O(3) inclusions by calcium treatment were studied in high-carbon hard wire steel based on the unreacted shrinking core model, considering the transfer of Ca and Al through the boundary layer and within the product layer, coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium at the interfaces. The diffusion of Al in the inclusion layer was the limiting link in the inclusion modification process. The Ca concentration in molten steel had the greatest influence on the inclusion modification time. The modification time for inclusions tended to be longer in the transformation of higher CaO-containing calcium aluminate. The modification of Al(2)O(3) into CA(6) was fastest, while the most time was needed to modify CA into C(12)A(7). It took about six times time longer at the later stage of inclusion modification than at the early stage. The complete modification time for inclusions increased with the square of their radii. The changes of CaO contents with melting time were estimated based on a kinetic model and was consistent with experimental results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7963179 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79631792021-03-17 A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel Xi, Zuobing Li, Changrong Wang, Linzhu Materials (Basel) Article Laboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al(2)O(3) inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of Al(2)O(3) inclusions by calcium treatment were studied in high-carbon hard wire steel based on the unreacted shrinking core model, considering the transfer of Ca and Al through the boundary layer and within the product layer, coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium at the interfaces. The diffusion of Al in the inclusion layer was the limiting link in the inclusion modification process. The Ca concentration in molten steel had the greatest influence on the inclusion modification time. The modification time for inclusions tended to be longer in the transformation of higher CaO-containing calcium aluminate. The modification of Al(2)O(3) into CA(6) was fastest, while the most time was needed to modify CA into C(12)A(7). It took about six times time longer at the later stage of inclusion modification than at the early stage. The complete modification time for inclusions increased with the square of their radii. The changes of CaO contents with melting time were estimated based on a kinetic model and was consistent with experimental results. MDPI 2021-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7963179/ /pubmed/33803143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051305 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Xi, Zuobing Li, Changrong Wang, Linzhu A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
title | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
title_full | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
title_fullStr | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
title_full_unstemmed | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
title_short | A Kinetic Model for the Modification of Al(2)O(3) Inclusions during Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel |
title_sort | kinetic model for the modification of al(2)o(3) inclusions during calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7963179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051305 |
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