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Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

This study aimed to investigate the genetic evolution of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Whole genome phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 306 H9N2 avian influenza strains collected in China from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that eight gene sequences were clustered separately accor...

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Autores principales: Wang, Jinfeng, Jin, Xuanjiang, Hu, Jingkai, Wu, Yifan, Zhang, Mengmeng, Li, Xiao, Chen, Jianglin, Xie, Shumin, Liu, Jing, Qi, Wenbao, Liao, Ming, Jia, Weixin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965968/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746926
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.633835
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author Wang, Jinfeng
Jin, Xuanjiang
Hu, Jingkai
Wu, Yifan
Zhang, Mengmeng
Li, Xiao
Chen, Jianglin
Xie, Shumin
Liu, Jing
Qi, Wenbao
Liao, Ming
Jia, Weixin
author_facet Wang, Jinfeng
Jin, Xuanjiang
Hu, Jingkai
Wu, Yifan
Zhang, Mengmeng
Li, Xiao
Chen, Jianglin
Xie, Shumin
Liu, Jing
Qi, Wenbao
Liao, Ming
Jia, Weixin
author_sort Wang, Jinfeng
collection PubMed
description This study aimed to investigate the genetic evolution of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Whole genome phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 306 H9N2 avian influenza strains collected in China from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that eight gene sequences were clustered separately according to their dominant clades, and a total of 10 genotypes were identified (seven of which were novel types). Among them, G57 genotype was confirmed as the most prevalent genotype with a frequency of 94%. In China, the G57 genotype of H9N2 first emerged in 2007, and then became the most common genotype in 2013. Therefore, the nucleotide substitution rates of G57 genotype in HA and NA genes collected from 2007 to 2019 were estimated, and the positive selection pressure sites in the same data set were measured. Taking 2013 as the boundary, the time period was divided into two periods: 2007–2012 and 2013–2019. From 2007 to 2012, multiple genotypes coexisted and could bear the pressures from both nature and environment; while G57 genotype was still in the adaptation stage, subjected to less selection pressure and in the process of slow evolution. However, from 2013 to 2019, G57 became the dominant genotype, and most of the external pressure reacted on it. Moreover, G57 genotype showed better adaptability than other genotypes. From 2013 to 2019, the nucleotide substitution rates of the HA gene were increased, and the positive selection pressures on HA and NA genes were stronger compared to those from 2007 to 2012. To sum up, the absolutely dominant G57 genotype exhibited a relatively constant genotype frequency and experienced adaptive evolution and natural selection simultaneously during the monitoring period. Therefore, urgent attention and diligent surveillance of H9N2 avian influenza virus are becoming increasingly important.
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spelling pubmed-79659682021-03-18 Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Wang, Jinfeng Jin, Xuanjiang Hu, Jingkai Wu, Yifan Zhang, Mengmeng Li, Xiao Chen, Jianglin Xie, Shumin Liu, Jing Qi, Wenbao Liao, Ming Jia, Weixin Front Microbiol Microbiology This study aimed to investigate the genetic evolution of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Whole genome phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 306 H9N2 avian influenza strains collected in China from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that eight gene sequences were clustered separately according to their dominant clades, and a total of 10 genotypes were identified (seven of which were novel types). Among them, G57 genotype was confirmed as the most prevalent genotype with a frequency of 94%. In China, the G57 genotype of H9N2 first emerged in 2007, and then became the most common genotype in 2013. Therefore, the nucleotide substitution rates of G57 genotype in HA and NA genes collected from 2007 to 2019 were estimated, and the positive selection pressure sites in the same data set were measured. Taking 2013 as the boundary, the time period was divided into two periods: 2007–2012 and 2013–2019. From 2007 to 2012, multiple genotypes coexisted and could bear the pressures from both nature and environment; while G57 genotype was still in the adaptation stage, subjected to less selection pressure and in the process of slow evolution. However, from 2013 to 2019, G57 became the dominant genotype, and most of the external pressure reacted on it. Moreover, G57 genotype showed better adaptability than other genotypes. From 2013 to 2019, the nucleotide substitution rates of the HA gene were increased, and the positive selection pressures on HA and NA genes were stronger compared to those from 2007 to 2012. To sum up, the absolutely dominant G57 genotype exhibited a relatively constant genotype frequency and experienced adaptive evolution and natural selection simultaneously during the monitoring period. Therefore, urgent attention and diligent surveillance of H9N2 avian influenza virus are becoming increasingly important. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7965968/ /pubmed/33746926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.633835 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wang, Jin, Hu, Wu, Zhang, Li, Chen, Xie, Liu, Qi, Liao and Jia. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Wang, Jinfeng
Jin, Xuanjiang
Hu, Jingkai
Wu, Yifan
Zhang, Mengmeng
Li, Xiao
Chen, Jianglin
Xie, Shumin
Liu, Jing
Qi, Wenbao
Liao, Ming
Jia, Weixin
Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
title Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
title_full Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
title_fullStr Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
title_short Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
title_sort genetic evolution characteristics of genotype g57 virus, a dominant genotype of h9n2 avian influenza virus
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965968/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746926
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.633835
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