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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can re...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7966718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.640889 |
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author | Jose-Abrego, Alexis Roman, Sonia Rebello Pinho, João Renato de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte Panduro, Arturo |
author_facet | Jose-Abrego, Alexis Roman, Sonia Rebello Pinho, João Renato de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte Panduro, Arturo |
author_sort | Jose-Abrego, Alexis |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman’s Rho = 0.53, p = 0.0069) and negatively with platelet levels (Spearman’s Rho = − 0.416, p = 0.039). HBV viral load was higher in triply-infected than dually infected (31623.0 IU/mL vs. 1479.0 IU/mL, p = 0.029) patients. Triple-mixed infection was associated with significant liver fibrosis (OR = 15.0 95%CI = 1.29 – 174.38, p = 0.027). In conclusion, infection with mixtures of HBV genotypes is frequent in HIV patients causing significant hepatic fibrosis related to high viral load, especially in triple genotype mixtures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7966718 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79667182021-03-18 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Jose-Abrego, Alexis Roman, Sonia Rebello Pinho, João Renato de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte Panduro, Arturo Front Microbiol Microbiology Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman’s Rho = 0.53, p = 0.0069) and negatively with platelet levels (Spearman’s Rho = − 0.416, p = 0.039). HBV viral load was higher in triply-infected than dually infected (31623.0 IU/mL vs. 1479.0 IU/mL, p = 0.029) patients. Triple-mixed infection was associated with significant liver fibrosis (OR = 15.0 95%CI = 1.29 – 174.38, p = 0.027). In conclusion, infection with mixtures of HBV genotypes is frequent in HIV patients causing significant hepatic fibrosis related to high viral load, especially in triple genotype mixtures. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7966718/ /pubmed/33746932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.640889 Text en Copyright © 2021 Jose-Abrego, Roman, Rebello Pinho, de Castro and Panduro. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Jose-Abrego, Alexis Roman, Sonia Rebello Pinho, João Renato de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte Panduro, Arturo Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
title | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
title_full | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
title_fullStr | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
title_full_unstemmed | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
title_short | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
title_sort | hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype mixtures, viral load, and liver damage in hbv patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7966718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.640889 |
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