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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can re...

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Autores principales: Jose-Abrego, Alexis, Roman, Sonia, Rebello Pinho, João Renato, de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte, Panduro, Arturo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7966718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.640889
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author Jose-Abrego, Alexis
Roman, Sonia
Rebello Pinho, João Renato
de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte
Panduro, Arturo
author_facet Jose-Abrego, Alexis
Roman, Sonia
Rebello Pinho, João Renato
de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte
Panduro, Arturo
author_sort Jose-Abrego, Alexis
collection PubMed
description Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman’s Rho = 0.53, p = 0.0069) and negatively with platelet levels (Spearman’s Rho = − 0.416, p = 0.039). HBV viral load was higher in triply-infected than dually infected (31623.0 IU/mL vs. 1479.0 IU/mL, p = 0.029) patients. Triple-mixed infection was associated with significant liver fibrosis (OR = 15.0 95%CI = 1.29 – 174.38, p = 0.027). In conclusion, infection with mixtures of HBV genotypes is frequent in HIV patients causing significant hepatic fibrosis related to high viral load, especially in triple genotype mixtures.
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spelling pubmed-79667182021-03-18 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Jose-Abrego, Alexis Roman, Sonia Rebello Pinho, João Renato de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte Panduro, Arturo Front Microbiol Microbiology Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman’s Rho = 0.53, p = 0.0069) and negatively with platelet levels (Spearman’s Rho = − 0.416, p = 0.039). HBV viral load was higher in triply-infected than dually infected (31623.0 IU/mL vs. 1479.0 IU/mL, p = 0.029) patients. Triple-mixed infection was associated with significant liver fibrosis (OR = 15.0 95%CI = 1.29 – 174.38, p = 0.027). In conclusion, infection with mixtures of HBV genotypes is frequent in HIV patients causing significant hepatic fibrosis related to high viral load, especially in triple genotype mixtures. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7966718/ /pubmed/33746932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.640889 Text en Copyright © 2021 Jose-Abrego, Roman, Rebello Pinho, de Castro and Panduro. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Jose-Abrego, Alexis
Roman, Sonia
Rebello Pinho, João Renato
de Castro, Vanessa Fusco Duarte
Panduro, Arturo
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_full Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_fullStr Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_short Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
title_sort hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype mixtures, viral load, and liver damage in hbv patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7966718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.640889
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