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Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison

Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with cou...

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Autores principales: Ding, Kele, Yang, Jingzhen, Chin, Ming-Kai, Sullivan, Lindsay, Demirhan, Giyasettin, Violant-Holz, Veronica, Uvinha, Ricardo R., Dai, Jianhui, Xu, Xia, Popeska, Biljana, Mladenova, Zornitza, Khan, Waheeda, Kuan, Garry, Balasekaran, Govindasamy, Smith, Gary A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967413/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052686
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author Ding, Kele
Yang, Jingzhen
Chin, Ming-Kai
Sullivan, Lindsay
Demirhan, Giyasettin
Violant-Holz, Veronica
Uvinha, Ricardo R.
Dai, Jianhui
Xu, Xia
Popeska, Biljana
Mladenova, Zornitza
Khan, Waheeda
Kuan, Garry
Balasekaran, Govindasamy
Smith, Gary A.
author_facet Ding, Kele
Yang, Jingzhen
Chin, Ming-Kai
Sullivan, Lindsay
Demirhan, Giyasettin
Violant-Holz, Veronica
Uvinha, Ricardo R.
Dai, Jianhui
Xu, Xia
Popeska, Biljana
Mladenova, Zornitza
Khan, Waheeda
Kuan, Garry
Balasekaran, Govindasamy
Smith, Gary A.
author_sort Ding, Kele
collection PubMed
description Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with country-level COVID-19 factors and personal COVID-19 exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, North Macedonia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Mental health (anxiety, depression, resilient coping, hope) and other study data were collected between June–August 2020. Of the 13,263 participants, 62.8% were female and 51.7% were 18–34 years old. Participants living in Brazil had the highest anxiety and depression symptoms while participants living in Singapore had the lowest. Greater personal COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, but country-level COVID-19 factors were not. Higher levels of hope were associated with reduced anxiety and depression; higher levels of resilient coping were associated with reduced anxiety but not depression. Substantial variations exist in anxiety and depression symptoms across countries during the COVID-19 lockdown, with personal COVID-19 exposure being a significant risk factor. Strategies that mitigate COVID-19 exposure and enhance hope and resilience may reduce anxiety and depression during global emergencies.
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spelling pubmed-79674132021-03-18 Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison Ding, Kele Yang, Jingzhen Chin, Ming-Kai Sullivan, Lindsay Demirhan, Giyasettin Violant-Holz, Veronica Uvinha, Ricardo R. Dai, Jianhui Xu, Xia Popeska, Biljana Mladenova, Zornitza Khan, Waheeda Kuan, Garry Balasekaran, Govindasamy Smith, Gary A. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with country-level COVID-19 factors and personal COVID-19 exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, North Macedonia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Mental health (anxiety, depression, resilient coping, hope) and other study data were collected between June–August 2020. Of the 13,263 participants, 62.8% were female and 51.7% were 18–34 years old. Participants living in Brazil had the highest anxiety and depression symptoms while participants living in Singapore had the lowest. Greater personal COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, but country-level COVID-19 factors were not. Higher levels of hope were associated with reduced anxiety and depression; higher levels of resilient coping were associated with reduced anxiety but not depression. Substantial variations exist in anxiety and depression symptoms across countries during the COVID-19 lockdown, with personal COVID-19 exposure being a significant risk factor. Strategies that mitigate COVID-19 exposure and enhance hope and resilience may reduce anxiety and depression during global emergencies. MDPI 2021-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7967413/ /pubmed/33800008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052686 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ding, Kele
Yang, Jingzhen
Chin, Ming-Kai
Sullivan, Lindsay
Demirhan, Giyasettin
Violant-Holz, Veronica
Uvinha, Ricardo R.
Dai, Jianhui
Xu, Xia
Popeska, Biljana
Mladenova, Zornitza
Khan, Waheeda
Kuan, Garry
Balasekaran, Govindasamy
Smith, Gary A.
Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison
title Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison
title_full Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison
title_fullStr Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison
title_full_unstemmed Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison
title_short Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison
title_sort mental health among adults during the covid-19 pandemic lockdown: a cross-sectional multi-country comparison
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967413/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052686
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