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Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to confirm the cytotoxicity of zymosan in vitro and in vivo and determine the appropriate treatment time and the dose of zymosan. METHODS: AHH-1 cells and HIECs were administered by 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 μg/mL zymosan. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evalu...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Yue-zhi, Ge, Shu-jing, Leng, Qing-zhen, Ma, Jian-jun, Liu, Han-chen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7968253/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33731220
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00482-1
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author Zhang, Yue-zhi
Ge, Shu-jing
Leng, Qing-zhen
Ma, Jian-jun
Liu, Han-chen
author_facet Zhang, Yue-zhi
Ge, Shu-jing
Leng, Qing-zhen
Ma, Jian-jun
Liu, Han-chen
author_sort Zhang, Yue-zhi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: This study aimed to confirm the cytotoxicity of zymosan in vitro and in vivo and determine the appropriate treatment time and the dose of zymosan. METHODS: AHH-1 cells and HIECs were administered by 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 μg/mL zymosan. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell viability and apoptosis 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration. Furthermore, 12 h before irradiation, the cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL zymosan and then irradiated with 4 Gy X-rays. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry at 24 h. In addition, the protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vitro was compared to that of 20 μg/mL LPS. In vivo, weight, the spleen index, and the thymus index were measured to evaluate the toxicity of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 10 mg/kg zymosan. In addition, rats were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 10 mg/kg zymosan and then irradiated with 7 Gy X-rays. The survival rate, organ index were evaluated. The protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vivo was compared to that of 10 mg/kg LPS a positive control. RESULTS: The viability and apoptosis of cells treated with different doses and treatment times of zymosan were not different from those of control cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cell viability and apoptosis were clearly improved after zymosan preadministration (p < 0.05). The radioprotective effect of zymosan was dose-dependent. In addition, the viability of cells pretreated with zymosan was higher than that of cells pretreated with LPS, and the apoptosis rate of zymosan-treated cells was lower than that of cells pretreated with LPS (p < 0.05). In vivo, weight, the spleen index and the thymus index were significantly decreased by zymosan at a concentration of 20 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Further experiments showed that the concentration at which zymosan exerted radioprotective effects was 10 mg/kg. The survival curves in the irradiated rats were barely separated between the LPS treatment and zymosan treatment. CONCLUSION: Zymosan administration before radiation exposure significantly increased cell viability and the survival rates of rats. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-021-00482-1.
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spelling pubmed-79682532021-03-22 Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo Zhang, Yue-zhi Ge, Shu-jing Leng, Qing-zhen Ma, Jian-jun Liu, Han-chen BMC Pharmacol Toxicol Research Article BACKGROUND: This study aimed to confirm the cytotoxicity of zymosan in vitro and in vivo and determine the appropriate treatment time and the dose of zymosan. METHODS: AHH-1 cells and HIECs were administered by 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 μg/mL zymosan. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell viability and apoptosis 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration. Furthermore, 12 h before irradiation, the cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL zymosan and then irradiated with 4 Gy X-rays. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry at 24 h. In addition, the protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vitro was compared to that of 20 μg/mL LPS. In vivo, weight, the spleen index, and the thymus index were measured to evaluate the toxicity of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 10 mg/kg zymosan. In addition, rats were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 10 mg/kg zymosan and then irradiated with 7 Gy X-rays. The survival rate, organ index were evaluated. The protective effect of zymosan against radiation in vivo was compared to that of 10 mg/kg LPS a positive control. RESULTS: The viability and apoptosis of cells treated with different doses and treatment times of zymosan were not different from those of control cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cell viability and apoptosis were clearly improved after zymosan preadministration (p < 0.05). The radioprotective effect of zymosan was dose-dependent. In addition, the viability of cells pretreated with zymosan was higher than that of cells pretreated with LPS, and the apoptosis rate of zymosan-treated cells was lower than that of cells pretreated with LPS (p < 0.05). In vivo, weight, the spleen index and the thymus index were significantly decreased by zymosan at a concentration of 20 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Further experiments showed that the concentration at which zymosan exerted radioprotective effects was 10 mg/kg. The survival curves in the irradiated rats were barely separated between the LPS treatment and zymosan treatment. CONCLUSION: Zymosan administration before radiation exposure significantly increased cell viability and the survival rates of rats. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-021-00482-1. BioMed Central 2021-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7968253/ /pubmed/33731220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00482-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhang, Yue-zhi
Ge, Shu-jing
Leng, Qing-zhen
Ma, Jian-jun
Liu, Han-chen
Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
title Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
title_full Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
title_fullStr Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
title_full_unstemmed Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
title_short Preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
title_sort preliminary study of the toxicity and radioprotective effects of zymosan in vitro and in vivo
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7968253/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33731220
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00482-1
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