Cargando…
Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes
The motor system demonstrates an exquisite ability to adapt to changes in the environment and to quickly reset when these changes prove transient. If similar environmental changes are encountered in the future, learning may be faster, a phenomenon known as savings. In studies of sensorimotor learnin...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7968744/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33667219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001147 |
_version_ | 1783666124429197312 |
---|---|
author | Avraham, Guy Morehead, J. Ryan Kim, Hyosub E. Ivry, Richard B. |
author_facet | Avraham, Guy Morehead, J. Ryan Kim, Hyosub E. Ivry, Richard B. |
author_sort | Avraham, Guy |
collection | PubMed |
description | The motor system demonstrates an exquisite ability to adapt to changes in the environment and to quickly reset when these changes prove transient. If similar environmental changes are encountered in the future, learning may be faster, a phenomenon known as savings. In studies of sensorimotor learning, a central component of savings is attributed to the explicit recall of the task structure and appropriate compensatory strategies. Whether implicit adaptation also contributes to savings remains subject to debate. We tackled this question by measuring, in parallel, explicit and implicit adaptive responses in a visuomotor rotation task, employing a protocol that typically elicits savings. While the initial rate of learning was faster in the second exposure to the perturbation, an analysis decomposing the 2 processes showed the benefit to be solely associated with explicit re-aiming. Surprisingly, we found a significant decrease after relearning in aftereffect magnitudes during no-feedback trials, a direct measure of implicit adaptation. In a second experiment, we isolated implicit adaptation using clamped visual feedback, a method known to eliminate the contribution of explicit learning processes. Consistent with the results of the first experiment, participants exhibited a marked reduction in the adaptation function, as well as an attenuated aftereffect when relearning from the clamped feedback. Motivated by these results, we reanalyzed data from prior studies and observed a consistent, yet unappreciated pattern of attenuation of implicit adaptation during relearning. These results indicate that explicit and implicit sensorimotor processes exhibit opposite effects upon relearning: Explicit learning shows savings, while implicit adaptation becomes attenuated |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7968744 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79687442021-03-31 Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes Avraham, Guy Morehead, J. Ryan Kim, Hyosub E. Ivry, Richard B. PLoS Biol Short Reports The motor system demonstrates an exquisite ability to adapt to changes in the environment and to quickly reset when these changes prove transient. If similar environmental changes are encountered in the future, learning may be faster, a phenomenon known as savings. In studies of sensorimotor learning, a central component of savings is attributed to the explicit recall of the task structure and appropriate compensatory strategies. Whether implicit adaptation also contributes to savings remains subject to debate. We tackled this question by measuring, in parallel, explicit and implicit adaptive responses in a visuomotor rotation task, employing a protocol that typically elicits savings. While the initial rate of learning was faster in the second exposure to the perturbation, an analysis decomposing the 2 processes showed the benefit to be solely associated with explicit re-aiming. Surprisingly, we found a significant decrease after relearning in aftereffect magnitudes during no-feedback trials, a direct measure of implicit adaptation. In a second experiment, we isolated implicit adaptation using clamped visual feedback, a method known to eliminate the contribution of explicit learning processes. Consistent with the results of the first experiment, participants exhibited a marked reduction in the adaptation function, as well as an attenuated aftereffect when relearning from the clamped feedback. Motivated by these results, we reanalyzed data from prior studies and observed a consistent, yet unappreciated pattern of attenuation of implicit adaptation during relearning. These results indicate that explicit and implicit sensorimotor processes exhibit opposite effects upon relearning: Explicit learning shows savings, while implicit adaptation becomes attenuated Public Library of Science 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7968744/ /pubmed/33667219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001147 Text en © 2021 Avraham et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Short Reports Avraham, Guy Morehead, J. Ryan Kim, Hyosub E. Ivry, Richard B. Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
title | Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
title_full | Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
title_fullStr | Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
title_full_unstemmed | Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
title_short | Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
title_sort | reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes |
topic | Short Reports |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7968744/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33667219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001147 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT avrahamguy reexposuretoasensorimotorperturbationproducesoppositeeffectsonexplicitandimplicitlearningprocesses AT moreheadjryan reexposuretoasensorimotorperturbationproducesoppositeeffectsonexplicitandimplicitlearningprocesses AT kimhyosube reexposuretoasensorimotorperturbationproducesoppositeeffectsonexplicitandimplicitlearningprocesses AT ivryrichardb reexposuretoasensorimotorperturbationproducesoppositeeffectsonexplicitandimplicitlearningprocesses |